Xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is a highly toxic compound. Therefore, it is essential to remove this component from wastewater before discharging it to the environment. In this research work, palm kernel biomass was activated chemically by H3PO4 and synthesized activated charcoal was applied to separate xylene from aqueous media. The prepared activated charcoal was characterized using F...

Complement peptide receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR subcommittee on [113]) are activated endogenous ~75 amino-acid anaphylatoxin polypeptides C3a and C5a, generated upon stimulation of complement cascade. C5a exert their functions through binding to (C3a receptor, receptor 1 2), causing cell recruitment triggering cellular degranulation that contributes local inflammation.

Objective(s): Since bisphenol A (BPA) induces bone loss and phytoestrogens enhance the osteoblastogenesis by binding to the non-classical and classical oestrogen receptors, respectively, the present study was aimed to observe the osteoprotective effect of phytoestrogens on BPA-induced osteoblasts in hFOB 1.19 cells.Materials and Methods:...

long-term potentiation (ltp) is a process that certain types of synaptic stimulation lead to a long-lasting enhancement in the strength of synaptic transmission. studies in recent years indicate the importance of molecular pathways in the development of memory and learning. tropomyosin receptor kinase b (trkb) is a member of the neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase family, that its ligand is b...

background: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (pparγ), a member of nuclear receptor superfamily, comprises two isoforms in mouse. these two isoforms are encoded by different mrnas, which are arisen by alternative promoter usage. there are two promoter regions upstream of pparγ gene. a 3 kb fragment, containing several transcription factor binding sites, acts as pparγ1 promoter re...

Background: P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), a purinoceptor expressed in activated spinal microglia, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Spinal nerve injury induces up-regulation of P2X4R on activated microglia in the spinal cord, and blockade of this receptor can reduce neuropathic pain. The present study was undertaken to determine whether paroxetine, an inhibitor of P2X4R, could ...

background: p2x4 receptor (p2x4r), a purinoceptor expressed in activated spinal microglia, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. spinal nerve injury induces up-regulation of p2x4r on activated microglia in the spinal cord, and blockade of this receptor can reduce neuropathic pain. the present study was undertaken to determine whether paroxetine, an inhibitor of p2x4r, could ...

background macrophages play critical roles in innate immune response in the liver. whether macrophages participate in liver innate immunity against hcv replication is poorly understood objectives the aim of this study was to investigate the role of macrophages in liver innate immunity against hcv replication. conclusions macrophages may play an important role in liver innate immunity against hc...