It was suggested that endocannabinoids are metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in the spinal cord of rats with kaolin/λ-carrageenan-induced knee inflammation, and that this mechanism contributes to the analgesic effects of COX-2 inhibitors in this experimental model. We report the development of a specific method for the identification of endocannabinoid COX-2 metabolites, its application to ...

Use of cisplatin as a chemotherapeutic agent causes acute and delayed emesis. Kaolin, saccharin solution and normal feed consumption have been evaluated as an index of cisplatin-induced emesis in rats; however, the most preferable of these methods for evaluating the various phases of emesis remains unclear. In the current study, kaolin, saccharin solution and normal feed consumption following c...

High voltage calcium channels are implicated in nociceptive transmission after nerve injury, capsaicin or formalin injection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of calcium channels in secondary heat hyperalgesia associated with acute joint inflammation. After induction of acute inflammation (knee joint injection of kaolin and carrageenan), decreased paw withdrawal latency (PW...

INTRODUCTION Olax scandens Roxb. is a shrub or small tree found throughout tropical India. Fruits and leaves of this plant are used for medicinal and food purpose. Traditionally, leaves of O. scandens are used as vegetable in constipation. AIM To evaluate the acute toxicity and intestinal transit time of O. scandens leaves on experimental animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acute oral toxicity s...

increased arginase activity in the airways decreases l-arginine and causes deficiency of bronchodilating and anti-inflammatory nitric oxide (no) in asthma. as, it is suggested that l-arginine may have therapeutic potential in asthma treatment, we aimed to investigate the effects of inhaled l-arginine on oxygen saturation (sao₂) and airway histology in a murine model of acute asthma. twenty eigh...

INTRODUCTION During the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there are frequent but intermittent flares in which the joint becomes acutely inflamed and painful. Although a number of drug therapies are currently used to treat RA, their effectiveness is variable and side effects are common. Endocannabinoids have the potential to ameliorate joint pain and inflammation, but these beneficial ef...

Kaolin samples from Al-Disi kaolin deposits in southeastern region of Jordan are associated with mineral impurities, which impart color to this kaolin and adversely affect its application in paper and paint industries. The associated mineral impurities with kaolin were separated by deflocculating of kaolin particles in polymeric sodium polyphosphate solution. The crude kaolin, deflocculated kao...

The goal of the present study was to develop and validate a new canine model of inflammation. The motivation was to make available a scientifically appropriate and ethically acceptable model to conduct pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic investigations for testing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in dogs. A kaolin-induce paw inflammation model previously developed in cats was adapted to the dog...

Activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors has been shown previously to be essential for the development of secondary thermal hyperalgesia. The present study assessed involvement of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu) in both the induction and maintenance phases of secondary thermal hyperalgesia initiated by knee joint inflammation in rats. The dose dependence of each drug in anta...

cyclizine (1-benzhydryl-4-methyl-piperazine, cas 82-92-8, cyc, i), a piperazine derivative, belongs to h1 antihistamine group of drugs that shows such pharmacological properties as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-platelet effects, similar to other h1-receptor antagonists. in this study, two new tolyl and cumene derivatives of i (1-ethyl-4-[(p-isopropylphenyl) (p-tolyl) methyl]-piperaz...