mycoplasma is an important respiratory tract pathogen worldwide, causing respiratory tract infection in small ruminants ( sheep and goats). it is a bacterium that causes acute respiratory illness ranging in severity from mild respiratory illness to severe pneumonia. mycoplasmosis in small ruminants is a serious and major problem in iran. this study was determined to isolate mycoplasma species a...

prolonged cough occurs in a large proportion of the 2 million pilgrims who participate in the annual hajj in saudi arabia. there is no unique cause for pilgrims’ respiratory involvement, but several studies suggest a high incidence of influenza as a cause of the disease. to determine influenza vaccine efficacy against respiratory disease in pilgrims, we conducted two similar cohort studies on 5...

Respiratory infections are a leading cause of illness, morbidity, and mortality around the globe. Easily transmitted between people, respiratory pathogens widespread illness but can be prevented. With use standard precautions, appropriate hand hygiene, patient precautions at onset symptoms, managed maintained. Hygiene is series practices performed to preserve health. According World Health Orga...

We determined RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentrations, and total white blood cell (WBC) and differential counts in nasal wash samples from rhinovirus-infected infants presenting with wheezing or acute upper respiratory illness alone and compared them with those from healthy infants. RANTES concentrations were significantly g...

The emergence of new viral infections of man requires the development of robust diagnostic tests that can be applied in the differential diagnosis of acute illness, or to determine past exposure, so as to establish the true burden of disease. Since the recognition in April 2003 of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) as the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syn...

BACKGROUND Idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia is a rare disease. It presents with acute febrile illness, respiratory insufficiency, pulmonary infiltration and high eosinophil levels in Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Pathogenesis is not well understood, but may relate to the exposure to exogenous substances. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of 20-year-old man, who developed idiopathic a...

PURPOSE To assess the utility of "influenza-like illness" (ILI) and whether it appropriately tests influenza vaccine effectiveness. PRINCIPAL RESULTS The WHO and CDC definitions of "influenza-like illness" are similar. However many studies use other definitions, some not specifying a temperature and requiring specific respiratory and/or systemic symptoms, making many samples non-comparable. M...