Adaptive Immunity (ADIM) is maintained by Growth hormone (GH), Prolactin (PRL), and during fetal life Placental lactones (PL) fulfill this role. Vasopressin (VP) is also an ADIM regulator. ADIM is also regulated by antigens and by cytokines and chemokines. Innate immunity (INIM) is the second part of our Immune System. This system is with us for life, capable of responding instantaneously and i...

The objective of this study was to determine appropriate knee angles for the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) through evaluation of changes in contraction ratios of the abdominal muscles and activity of quadriceps muscle in relation to changes in knee angles occurring while the ADIM is performed in the wall support standing (WSS). 20 subjects performed the ADIM at different knee angles (0°,...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of an abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM), measured using a pressure bio-feedback unit, on the activities of the hamstring, gluteus maximus, and erector spinae muscles during prone hip extension. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty healthy adult subjects (14 male, 16 female), were recruited. Subjects' lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt angl...

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate pressure variation for performing a successful abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM). The abdominal muscle thickness variations and contraction ratios were examined in relation to pressure variations using a Pressure Biofeedback Unit (PBU) during an ADIM in the supine position. [Methods] The PBU was placed identically between the l...

The Pilates method is often used in the treatment of nonspecific low back pain (NSCLBP). effect group exercising (mat and apparatus combined) on women with NSCLBP unknown. Studies use ultrasound (US) to measure transversus abdominis (TrA) thickness one anatomical location. We recruited 40 women, 22 18 healthy (active control group), join five weeks biweekly (apparatus mat). Measurements include...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a bridge exercise with an abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) performed with different surface conditions on abdominal muscle thickness. [Subjects] Thirty subjects were randomly divided into an unstable bridge exercise group (UBE group, n=15) and a stable bridge exercise group (SBE group, n=15). [Methods] After 6 weeks of perfo...