This work aimed to prepare a nanoemulsion preparation containing budesonide and assess its aerodynamic behavior in comparison with suspension of budesonide. In-vitro aerodynamic performance of the corresponding micellar solution (ie. nanoemulsion preparation without oil) was investigated too. Nanoemulsions of almond oil containing budesonide, as a hydrophobic model drug molecule, were prepared ...

in this research, the calculation method of aerodynamic loads on an airplane in all flight situations is presented. in order to find an calculation equation for aerodynamic loads on an airplane in all flight conditions, the f-5 aircraft is selected as a prototype is divided into one hundred small parts longitudinally. therefore, the numerical solutions are taken place in different conditions of...

A high-fidelity numerical formulation is presented for the high-speed aeroelastic behavior of slender composite wings. The compressible flow is modeled using the 3-D Euler equations on a deformable mesh, and an asymptotic approximation of the 3-D kinematically-nonlinear equations of elasticity models the anisotropic slender structure. The transfer of the distributed loads and displacements at t...

This paper focuses on the demonstration of a new integrated aero-structural design method for aerospace vehicles. The approach combines an aero-structural analysis solver, a coupled aero-structural adjoint solver, a geometry-based analysis and design integration strategy, and an efficient gradient-based optimization algorithm. The aero-structural solver ensures highly accurate solutions by usin...

The problem of building a methodology to couple fluid and structure is addressed in this paper. If the goal of the fluid-structure simulation is the stability assessment, an important issue to be addressed is the conservation of the momentum and energy exchanged between the participating domains. In realistic aerospace applications, the fluid and structural meshes are not compatible, either bec...

in this paper, an approximate axisymmetric method is developed which can reliably calculate fully viscous hypersonic flow over blunt-nosed bodies. in this method, a maslen’s second-order pressure expression is used instead of the normal momentum equation. the combination of maslen’s second-order pressure expression and viscous shock layer equations is developed to accurately and efficiently com...

The purpose of this paper is to present a fast, economical and practical method for mathematical modeling of aerodynamic characteristics of rectangular wing-in-ground effect (WIG). Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations were converted to Bernoulli equation by reasonable assumptions. Also Helmbold's equation was developed for calculation of the slope of wing lift coefficient in ground ...

A comprehensive computational fluid-dynamics-based study of a pleated wing section based on the wing of Aeshna cyanea has been performed at ultra-low Reynolds numbers corresponding to the gliding flight of these dragonflies. In addition to the pleated wing, simulations have also been carried out for its smoothed counterpart (called the 'profiled' airfoil) and a flat plate in order to better und...

A CFD study on heat flux reduction in hypersonic flow with opposing jet has been conducted. Flowfield parameters, reattachment point position, surface pressure distributions and heat flux distributions are obtained and validated with experiments. The physical mechanism of heat reduction has been analyzed. When the opposing jet blows, the freestream is blocked off, flows to the edges and not int...

This work aimed to prepare a nanoemulsion preparation containing budesonide and assess its aerodynamic behavior in comparison with suspension of budesonide. In-vitro aerodynamic performance of the corresponding micellar solution (ie. nanoemulsion preparation without oil) was investigated too. Nanoemulsions of almond oil containing budesonide, as a hydrophobic model drug molecule, were prepared ...