india and zionist regime relationships have had many ups and downs over the past six decades. indians have been among the supporters of arabs for a long time and had been backing the palestinian issue long before the partition plan of palestine. india had proved no tendency to improve its relationship with israel regardless of jews and the occupier government‘s massive efforts over four decades...

collapse of the soviet :union: is considered as the most significant development happened in the last decades of the previous century. transformation of power relations and balance of forces at regional level as well as activation of transregional and particularly regional powers to maintain their presence and extend their influence over southern soviet :union: could be mentioned as consequence...

after the collapse of soviet :union:, america, which saw itself unrivaled in the world, wanted to play an active and effective role in the independence of countries from the soviet :union: and their willingness, particularly the republic of azerbaijan, to the west- especially the us. this made it easier for to penetrate in the region. american foreign policy elites thought that the withdrawal o...

after collapse of the soviet :union:, south caucasus countries (azerbaijan, armenia, georgia) gained independence. this independence was associated with tensions such as ethnic and territorial disputes. these conflicts contain kharabakh, abkhazia, and south ossetia which have remained unresolved till now. the main question is why these conflicts have remained unresolved and what conditions are ...

the disappearance of bipolar system following the disintegration of the soviet union, has also changed many strategic concepts. central asia, as a part of the soviet empire, has become an arena for regional and global challenges after these transformations. the region, already faced with various political, economic, social and cultural problems, soon became a location for the activities of isla...

the caucasus has seen numerous crises since the region gained independence following the collapse of the soviet :union:. some of these crises have not been resolved yet as evidenced by recent russia-georgia conflict. this paper seeks to analyze such crises within the framework of significant geopolitical changes unfolded by the collapse of the soviet :union:. the author argues that in the post-...

the geopolitically important basin of the mazandaran sea found its new identity after the collapse of the soviet :union: as an active region with specific functions. the power vacuum arising from the collapse of the soviet :union: and presence of huge energy resources attracted the attention of trans-regional powers and flow of big investment companies to the region. regional developments are a...

It must seem to many people that the collapse of the Soviet Union (and the planned economies of Eastern Europe) effectively ends the socialist calculation debate, with a decisive verdict in favour of the market. We argue that this conclusion is unwarranted. Soviet socialism presented a specific form of planning with definite shortcomings of its own, and its collapse need not rule out alternativ...