The temporal and spatial expression patterns of three 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase genes were investigated in pollinated orchid (Phalaenopsis spp.) flowers. Pollination signals initiate a cascade of development events in multiple floral organs, including the induction of ethylene biosynthesis, which coordinates several postpollination developmental responses. The initiation ...

Pollination of insect pollinated crops has been found to be correlated to pollinator abundance and diversity. Since organic farming has the potential to mitigate negative effects of agricultural intensification on biodiversity, it may also benefit crop pollination, but direct evidence of this is scant. We evaluated the effect of organic farming on pollination of strawberry plants focusing on (1...

for sexual reproduction of allium hirtifolium, collected bulbs were planted in the field. in order to develop ovary embryo and seed setting, control self-pollination and natural open pollination took placed using honey bees under cages. ovary development and seed setting of a. hirtifolium extraordinary were affected by pollination and there was a significant difference between mean effect of se...

This study evaluated the effect of artificial pollination on pistachio trees in an orchard at a low ratio of male to female trees in Qazvin province, Iran, over the years 2012-2013. Experimental factors included three female cultivars (Akbari, Owhadi, Kalebozi) and three types of pollinizer (Control, GA, and GB) with three replications. In each female tree, two branches were selected in the nor...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many Orchidaceous species are threatened globally by development and over-collection from their natural habitats for horticultural purposes. Artificial propagation from seeds is difficult in most terrestrial orchids native to temperate regions. Seed production is another limiting factor in the artificial propagation for these species because of the lessened probability of po...

The influence of osmoticum treatments on early kernel development of maize (Zea mays L.) was studied using an in vitro culture method. Kernels with subtending cob sections were placed in culture at 5 days after pollination. Sucrose (0.29, 0.44, or 0.58 molar) and sorbitol (0, 0.15, or 0.29 molar) were used to obtain six media with water potentials of -1.1, -1.6, or -2.0 megapascals. Kernel wate...

Self-incompatibility S-locus-encoded F-box (SLF) proteins have been identified in Antirrhinum and several Prunus species. Although they appear to play an important role in self-incompatible reaction, functional evidence is lacking. Here, we provide several lines of evidence directly implicating a role of AhSLF-S(2) in self-incompatibility in Antirrhinum. First, a nonallelic physical interaction...