Long-term tillage negatively affects soil aggregation, but little is known about the short-term effects of tillage. We investigated the effects of intensive tillage (moldboard plowing) and conservation tillage (chisel plowing) on aggregate breakage during tillage in a long-term study located in the semiarid Ebro river valley (NE Spain). The type of tillage resulted in different soil aggregate d...

Ballast, typically comprising large sized aggregate particles with uniform gradation, is an essential layer in the railroad track substructure. Functions of ballast include facilitating load distribution and drainage, maintaining track geometry and track stability, and providing track resilience and noise absorption. Throughout its service life, ballast goes through changes in gradation and par...

The strongest fortresses often disintegrate from the inside. Likewise, soil internal forces play a critical role in initial breakdown process of aggregate, thus accelerating erosion and release colloid particles. To date, research on effect forces, especially separating electrostatic force, aggregate with particle transport is largely inadequate. Therefore, column experiments were used to inves...

The granulometric range used has a direct influence on the life of ballast layer when subjected to load generated by rail traffic. However, in Brazil, we have only two size ranges be used. publications related subject matter under study express need for continuous grain strip, different from ones usually our railways. This more band would provide less deformation and reduction degradation, gran...

Nanoshells are useful in near-infrared (NIR) applications because of the red shift of the Mie resonance into NIR. Silica/gold/silver nanoshells were prepared via gold anchoring and characterized by Mie-theoretical calculations and transmission electron microscopy, which indicated a broad and enhanced NIR absorption and a partially coated, mottled Ag/Au structure on the silica core. The mottled ...

The demand for reliable business statistics at disaggregated levels such as NACE classes increased considerably in recent years. The interest in this topic has been reflected in the BLUE-ETS project, where work package 6 dealt with methods to enhance the quality of business statistics. One of the main areas of research in work package 6 was related to the modelling of business data to produce r...

Soil aggregate stability influences a wide range of physical and biogeochemical processes in the agricultural and natural environments, including soil erosion [3]. The relative prepon‐ derance of aggregates of various sizes in the soil and their stability to external forces are, therefore, an issue of major concern to soil scientists. By definition, an aggregate is a compo‐ site body or granule...

Background: Drying and rewetting process, frequently occurred during climatic changes, is an important process in soil aggregate slacking and dissolution. The severer interference of human activities on global climate makes the extreme climate scenarios like drought and rainstorm occur frequently. Therefore, there is necessity to further our understanding on the impact of the drying–wetting cyc...