Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) – Advanced Research WRF (ARW) mesoscale model (WRF–ARW), we investigate how two nocturnal offshore rainbands occurring in the Mediterranean basin are modified in a warmer sea surface temperature (SST). After sunset, the thermal difference between land and sea air increases. Driven by drainage winds or land breeze, the inland cold air interacts wi...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa microsoftinternetexplorer4 blood and blood products should be kept in cold temperatures to avoid hemolysis and preserve sterility and functional integrity of blood components. patients needing massive transfusion require the blood to be warmed at bedside, to avoid cardiac and general hypothermia. hypothermia due to massive and rapid transfusion in i...

INTRODUCTION Line type blood-liquid warmers are used widely due to their low expense, practical use and nondependence on sets. We aimed to investigate the relationship of bubbles in line type warmers with two different warming properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two groups were designed with S-line and Astoflo(®) brand blood-liquid warmers. By using 10 medisets for each group (n = 20), we infus...

INTRODUCTION An assessment of practices and available medical devices during the treatment of a massive haemorrhage has been realised in the shock unit of our hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS Parameters influencing transfusion flow rate have been identified. Medical devices and equipment to accelerate the flow rate were analyzed on the basis of manufacturers' data and users opinion in relation ...

The growth rate and composition of cave calcite deposits (speleothems) are often used as proxies for past environmental change. There is, however, the potential for bias in the speleothem record due to seasonal fluctuations in calcite growth and dripwater chemistry. It has been proposed that the growth rate of speleothem calcite in Texas caves varies seasonally in response to density-driven flu...

[1] A CGCM is used to study the relative roles played by local air-sea interaction and remote ENSO effects on the tropical Atlantic interannual variability. A regional coupling strategy allows full air-sea coupling only over the Atlantic Ocean north of 30!S. Two experiments were conducted, respectively with either climatological or real time boundary conditions prescribed over the uncoupled por...

We find that summertime air quality in the eastern U.S. displays strong dependence on North Atlantic sea surface temperatures, resulting from large-scale ocean-atmosphere interactions. Using observations, reanalysis data sets, and climate model simulations, we further identify a multidecadal variability in surface air quality driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). In one-half cy...