The present approach for determining the electrophilicity (E) and nucleophilicity (N) of aldehydes includes a kinetic study of KMNO4 oxidation and NaBH4 reduction of aldehydes. A transition state analysis of the KMNO4 promoted aldehyde oxidation reaction has been performed, which shows a very good correlation with experimental results. The validity of the experimental method has been tested usi...

The catalytic enantioselective allylation of aldehydes is a long-standing problem of considerable interest to the chemical community. We disclose a new high-yielding and highly enantioselective chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed allylboration of aldehydes. The reaction is shown to be highly general, with a broad substrate scope that covers aryl, heteroaryl, alpha,beta-unsaturated, and aliphatic ald...

Several reviews have been written on the various methods for the measurement of aldehydes in the environment [8,11,21]. These methods may be classified into two groups namely direct and indirect methods. Direct methods analyse the aldehydes during collection and therefore show great potential as the risk of sample contamination is greatly reduced. However, the cost and complexity of the instrum...

A micro spectrophotometric procedure for the quantitative determination of plasmalogen aldehydes is described which utilizes simultaneous methanolysis and formation of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones. After isolation of the hydrazones by thin-layer chromatography, the aldehydes can be regenerated, reduced, acetylated, and then analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Identification of the plasmalogen...

We describe a cobalt-catalyzed hydroacylation of 1,3-dienes with non-chelating aldehydes. Aromatic aldehydes provide 1,4-addition products as the major isomer, while aliphatic aldehydes favor 1,2-hydroacylation products. The kinetic profile supports an oxidative cyclization mechanism involving a cobaltacycle intermediate that undergoes transformation with high regio- and stereoselectivity.

Phospholipid peroxidation generates a variety of aldehydes, which includes free saturated and unsaturated aldehydes, and aldehydes that remain esterified to the phosphoglyceride backbone - the so-called 'core' aldehydes. However, little is known in regarding the vascular metabolism of these aldehydes. To identify biochemical pathways that metabolize free aldehydes, we examined the metabolism of...

Cytochrome P450 (P450) 2A6 activates nitrosamines, including N,N-dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and N,N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN), to alkyl diazohydroxides (which are DNA-alkylating agents) and also aldehydes (HCHO from DMN and CH(3)CHO from DEN). The N-dealkylation of DMN had a high intrinsic kinetic deuterium isotope effect ((D)k(app) approximately 10), which was highly expressed in a variety of co...

Aldehydes as secondary lipid oxidation products are highly specific to the oxidative degradation of particular polyunsaturated fatty acids present in foods. Gas chromatographic analysis of those volatile compounds has been widely used for monitoring of the deterioration of food products. Developed static headspace gas chromatography method using flame ionization detector (SHS GC FID) was applie...

A spectroscopic study of an organocatalytic Henry reaction between nitroalkanes and aldehydes catalyzed by a quinidine-derived Cinchona alkaloid is described. The binding modes of the reaction substrates are investigated using electronic absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and further corroborated by nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. Aldehydes are shown to associate with both the 6'...

Wacker-type reactions of terminal alkenes mainly lead to methyl ketones rather than aldehydes. The selective formation aldehydes usually requires containing a suitable coordinating fragment. A few procedures however provide fair high aldehyde/methyl ketone ratios in the absence directing group. This review, which is focused on aldehydes, summarizes methods reported since 2007 and, with personal...