Quinine increases the conductance of hemi-gap junctions in horizontal cells. We investigated the mechanisms of alkalinization and the hypothesis that quinine-induced alkalinization produced these conductance increases. We found that quinine-induced alkalinizations were not blocked by cobalt, amiloride, or DIDS. Therefore, this suggests that the alkalinization is not likely due to net proton flu...

Key components of vesicular neurotransmitter release, such as Ca(2+) influx and membrane recycling, are affected by cytosolic pH. We measured the pH-sensitive fluorescence of Yellow Fluorescent Protein transgenically expressed in mouse motor nerve terminals, and report that Ca(2+) influx elicited by action potential trains (12.5-100 Hz) evokes a biphasic pH change: a brief acidification (∼ 13 n...

To increase the fertility of neutral salt pans and improve their physico-chemical properties under intensive irrigation, it is necessary to apply a set measures. Reclamation saline soils should be aimed at reducing content exchangeable sodium in absorbing complex, improving chemical water-physical creating highly fertile root-inhabited soil layer. When developing flats irrigation conditions, bo...

The interaction between human activities and watershed geology is accelerating long-term changes in the carbon cycle of rivers. We evaluated changes in bicarbonate alkalinity, a product of chemical weathering, and tested for long-term trends at 97 sites in the eastern United States draining over 260,000 km(2). We observed statistically significant increasing trends in alkalinity at 62 of the 97...

This Position Paper was prepared using the methodology agreed by the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology (AACT) and the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT). All relevant scientific literature was identified and reviewed critically by acknowledged experts using set criteria. Well-conducted clinical and experimental studies were given precedence over an...

Many mitogens cause rapid changes in intracellular pH and Ca2+. We studied the patterns of pH and Ca2+ changes after exposure of murine fibroblasts to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), bombesin, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and the vasoactive peptide bradykinin. Intracellular pH and Ca2+ were measured by using the fluorescent dyes 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein a...

pH governs most, if not all, processes of life. In fungi, ambient pH acts as a potent regulator of growth and development [1]. Studies conducted primarily in the 2 model organisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus nidulans have cemented our understanding of how fungi sense and respond to pH. More recently, pH has emerged as a key player in the control of fungal pathogenicity. Infections ...

The Songnen Plain of Northeast China is one the three largest soda saline–alkaline regions in world. To better understand soil alkalinization this important agricultural region China, it vital to explore driving factors alkalinity. Combined with prior research on Wuyu’er–Shuangyang River Basin, study examined alkalinity using Geodetector method. First, analysis results risk detector, factor and...

Variations in both intracellular and extracellular pH are known to be involved in a wealth of physiological responses. Using the patch-clamp technique on Arabidopsis hypocotyl cells, it is shown that rapid-type and slow-type anion channels at the plasma membrane are both regulated by pH via distinct mechanisms. Modifications of pH modulate the voltage-dependent gating of the rapid channel. Whil...