A genetic algorithm is used to optimize the modified benzene alkylation process. Based on the previous studies, the modified process increases ethylbenzene selectivity and decreases energy consumption at the same time. The inlet ethylene flow rate of each alkylation reactor is optimized in order to reduce the chance of transalkylation reactions but increase ethylbenzene selectivity. The byprodu...

a number of 6-hydroxy-2-benzylidene-3-coumaranones were synthesized from condensation of 6-hydroxy-3-coumaranone with appropriate aldehydes and were evaluated for their antioxidant activities. the antioxidant activity was assessed using two methods, including, 1,1-biphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) radical scavenging, and reducing power assays. some of the benzylidene coumaranones showed antioxid...

the purpose of this investigation was to develop a simple colorimetric method for creatine kinase (ck). the new method is based on the reaction of creatine, formed enzymatically from creatine phosphate and adp, with different glyoxal compounds. hydrated glyoxals, such as para-nitrophenyl, 2-thiophene, 4- biphenyl, 4, 4' -biphenyl,α-naphthyl, β-naphthyl, para-chlorophenyl, and styryl were s...

Biphenyl is used as an intermediate for synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds. The objective of present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical, spectroscopic and thermal properties of biphenyl. The study was performed in two groups (control and treated). The control group remained as untreated, and biofield treatment was given to treated group. The c...

The bph operon of Pseudomonas sp. KKS102 is constituted of 11 bph genes which encode enzymes for biphenyl assimilation. Growth of a mutant in which a large part of the bph operon was deleted was inhibited by biphenyl in a concentration-dependent manner. We constructed a series of bph operon deletion mutants and tested for their biphenyl sensitivity. Growth inhibition by biphenyl was more promin...

Biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are typical environmental pollutants. However, these pollutants are hard to be totally mineralized by environmental microorganisms. One reason for this is the accumulation of dead-end intermediates during biphenyl and PCBs biodegradation, especially benzoate and chlorobenzoates (CBAs). Until now, only a few microorganisms have been reported to have ...

The aromatic hydrocarbon biphenyl is a widely distributed environmental pollutant. Whereas the aerobic degradation of biphenyl has been extensively studied, knowledge of the anaerobic biphenyl-oxidizing bacteria and their biochemical degradation pathway is scarce. Here, we report on an enrichment culture that oxidized biphenyl completely to carbon dioxide under sulfate-reducing conditions. The ...

The reactivity of the nickel(I) dimer [(dippe)Ni(mu-H)](2) (1) with biphenyl-2-thiol was explored with the aim of clarifying the key step of sulfur extrusion during the hydrodesulfurization process using dibenzothiophene (DBT). These reactions were monitored by variable temperature NMR experiments which allowed the complete characterization and isolation of [(dippe)(2)Ni(2)(mu-H)(mu-S-2-bipheny...

BACKGROUND In support of the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has evaluated the human health hazards of biphenyl exposure. OBJECTIVES We review key findings and scientific issues regarding expected human health effects of biphenyl. METHODS Scientific literature from 1926 through September 2012 was critically evaluated to identify pote...

We designed and successfully implemented the use of in situ-synthesized 45-mer oligonucleotide DNA microarrays (XeoChips) for genome-wide expression profiling of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400, which is among the best aerobic polychlorinated biphenyl degraders known so far. We conducted differential gene expression profiling during exponential growth on succinate, benzoate, and biphenyl as sole ...