There is a growing need to connect renewable energy systems (REs), such as photovoltaic systems (PVs), to the power grid for solving environmental problems such as global warming. However, an electricity grid with RE is vulnerable to problems of power shortage and surplus owing to the uncertainty of RE outputs and grid failures. Energy storage systems (ESSs) can be used to solve supply reliabil...

In this paper, we will propose a Slacks-Based measure (SBM) of efficiency in DEA. This scalar measure deals directly with the input surplus and the output shortage of the decision making unit (DMU) concerned. It is unit invariant and monotone decreasing with respect to input surplus and output shortage. Furthermore, this measure is decided only by consulting with the reference set of the DMU an...

We propose and discuss a simulation model of annual plants competing for a single resource. Plants are characterised by their tolerance to a shortage of it and the maximum number of seeds a plant could produce in a year. Interaction among plants is reduced to blocking a part of the resource by the plant’s nearest neighbours. Spatial and temporal external conditions remain unchanged. We consider...

We study an infinite horizon game in which pairs of players connected in a network are randomly matched to bargain over a unit surplus. Players that reach agreement are replaced by new players at the same positions in the network. We prove that for each discount factor all equilibria are payoff equivalent. The equilibrium payoffs and the set of equilibrium agreement links converge as players be...

We study an infinite horizon game in which pairs of players connected in a network are randomly matched to bargain over a unit surplus. Players that reach agreement are replaced by new players at the same positions in the network. We prove that for each discount factor all equilibria are payoff equivalent. The equilibrium payoffs and the set of equilibrium agreement links converge as players be...

While infectious disease garners much attention and research funding globally, initiatives aimed at treating traumatic orthopedic injuries are underfunded despite such injuries accounting for a significant degree of morbidity worldwide. In recent years, a number of organizations have sought to alleviate this burden through treatment and educational initiatives in low- and middle-income countrie...

Food availability is expected to trigger hibernation and torpor (ie heterothermy) use. Yet, laboratory experiments under controlled conditions dominate, and this hypothesis remains largely untested under natural conditions. Further experimental manipulations of food availability must therefore be conducted in the wild, accounting for other covarying environmental stressors.

This paper analyses the growth of employment in China during the post reform period. It argues that the Chinese experience with export-led growth provides an excellent example of the phenomenon of a vent for surplus productive capacity provided by exports, identified by Adam Smith in the Wealth of Nations and elaborated by Hla Myint. The paper extends the Smith-Myint model of ‘vent-for-surplus’...

inventory control problem is one of the problems in decision making and management that contains non-crisp parameters in real world. economic production quantity (epq) model in fuzzy environment has been studied so far by many researchers. one of the main assumptions in all previous researches was neglecting the inventory shortage. in this research, a new multi-item epq model with fuzzy random ...