We evaluated the effects of pre-germinated brown rice (hatsuga genmai, PGR) on learning and memory and compared them with those of polished rice or cornstarch. In mice that were fed pellets of polished rice or PGR for two weeks, the learning ability in the Morris water maze test was significantly enhanced compared with mice that were fed cornstarch pellets. In the Y-maze test, the intake of foo...

One mechanism by which administration of glucose enhances cognitive functions may be by modulating central ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels. K-ATP channels appear to couple glucose metabolism and neuronal excitability, with channel blockade increasing the likelihood of neurosecretion. The present experiment examined the effects of glucose and the direct K-ATP channel modulators glibencl...

In two experiments involving the delayed alternation task, monkeys with lesions of the hippocampal formation and monkeys with lesions of cingulate cortex were compared with controls. Either of these lesions caused impairment in original postoperative learning of delayed alternation; the hippocampal formation resections also produced a deficit in the retention of preoperatively acquired delayed ...

This study was designed to investigate the potential effects of medial mammillary nucleus (MMn) lesions on spontaneous alternation behavior in rats. Behavioral measurements were made in a water T maze in which the side arms were not differentially reinforced. Spontaneous alternation was tested before and after surgery alone. In both experiments, volumetric estimates of the MMn lesion were made ...

SPEAK, JOSEPH F., AND E. NEIL MOORE. A comparison of alternation in myocardial action potentials and contractility. Am. J. Physiol. 220(6): 1708-1716. 197 1 .-The transmembrane potentials and isometric force of contraction were simultaneously recorded from the isolated papillary muscles of the cat, rabbit, guinea pig, and rat right ventricles, and from frog ventricular trabeculae. The pattern o...

Alternation and Synchronization behaviors between the sexual communications of insects, arise as a response to the female preference to ’leaders’. As a response to this, Pholidoptera griseoptera, the dark bush cricket, has developed an interesting response model of imperfect alternating and synchronizing, or psuedo-synchronizing (P-S), for gaining the lead in a chorus of chirps. This P-S behavi...