Abstract From the mid-1800s to late 1960s, conservation by alum salts (KAl(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H O—potassium aluminium sulphate), using various recipes, was a common method prevent shrinkage and strengthen waterlogged archaeological wooden objects. This mainly used in Scandinavia. The appears have also been applied highly degraded wood other countries, for example U.S Germany. Today, many of objects tr...

BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 agonists are known potent immunostimulatory compounds. These compounds can be formulated as part of novel adjuvants to enhance vaccine medicated immune responses. However, the contribution of the formulation to the innate in vivo activity of TLR4 agonist compounds is not well understood. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We evaluated synthetic TLR4 agonis...

Vaccines are formulated to generate strong immune responses against administered antigens thereby providing long-term immunity, especially against microbial infections. To achieve this goal, safe and optimal vaccines are designed by developing new generation vaccines with efficacious adjuvants. These vaccines are mainly based on recombinant forms of protein subunits that are purified from molec...

Aim: To compare the newly formulated enterotoxaemia vaccine having oil and alum adjuvants, with presently available toxoid and alum precipitated vaccines. Materials and Methods: Three types of enterotoxaemia vaccines, namely toxoid (TV), alum precipitated (APV) and alum precipitated oil adjuvant vaccine (AOV) were prepared using a highly toxigenic strain of Clostridium perfringens type D procur...

Human vaccines have used aluminium-based adjuvants (alum) for >80 years despite incomplete understanding of how alum enhances the immune response. Alum can induce the release of endogenous danger signals via cellular necrosis which elicits inflammation-associated cytokines resulting in humoral immunity. IL-33 is proposed to be one such danger signal that is released from necrotic cells. Therefo...

The IgE production was compared in the presence and absence of aluminum hydroxide gel (alum). Without alum, the IgE production was induced within a suitable range of the antigen dosage; however, alum enhanced it. Alum did not affect the minimum requirement for the antigen dosage, indicating that alum may not take part in the efficiency of antigen presentation.

Coagulation/flocculation (CF) by use of alum and cationic polymer polyDADMAC, was performed as a pretreatment for remediation of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW). Various factors were investigated and the process was optimized to improve efficiency of removal of organic carbon and turbidity. Destabilization of the particles occurred through charge neutralization by adsorption of hydroxid...

Alum had been used in traditional medicine for treatment of oral lesions in Iran.the main aim of this study was to find out a suitable formulation for the mucoadhesive fprm of alum.in this study some materials such as alum,carboxymethyl cellulose  (CMC) and Arabic Gum were used.different bases of gum and CMC were made and titration of alum was performed with suitable vbuffer and the rate of wa...