A geographical association between respiratory cancer and air pollution from steel foundries has been shown previously in Scotland and elsewhere. In the present study the iron-founding town of Kirkintilloch was found to have standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for respiratory cancer in 1959-63, 1964-8, and 1969-73 that were unexceptional in comparison with Scotland. Nevertheless, when SMRs wer...

the harmful effects of the long-term ocular exposure to cumulative levels of infrared radiation (ir) in glassblowing and foundries have been recognized since the late 19th century. these effects include cataracts, keratitis, and chronic dry eye problems. therefore, infrared radiation measurements are critical and need to be assessed regularly in the industries and workplaces where there are hig...

According to the latest release of the NEXUS market study, the market for MEMS or Microsystems Technology (MST) is predicted to grow to $68B by the year 2005, with systems containing these components generating even higher revenues and growth. The latest advances in MST/MEMS technology have enabled the design of a new generation of microsystems that are smaller, cheaper, more reliable, and cons...

We analyze challenges for the development of the Human Activities and Infrastructures Foundry. We explore a rich semantic modeling approach to describe two Korean ceramic water droppers used to mix ink for calligraphy, how they were produced and the reasons for their differing aesthetic. Our modeling supports schema and allows for transitions of Entities based on the relationships to other Enti...

With CAD/CAM technology moving from myth to mainstream applications, most foundries are caught between change and survival. This is especially true in the case of small and medium foundries. This paper attempts to answer the question: “Is CAD/CAM necessary and economically justifiable for small and medium foundries?” by focussing on four aspects: key developments, benefits, bottlenecks and stra...

Energy management plays an important role in the transformation of industrial energy systems towards improved energy efficiency and increased sustainability. This paper aims to study driving forces for improved energy efficiency in some European energy-intensive foundry industries. The investigation has been conducted as a multiple case study involving 65 foundries located in Finland, France, G...

Integrated device manufacturers (IDMs) and foundries are two types of manufacturers in the semiconductor industry. IDMs integrate both design and manufacturing functions while foundries solely focus on manufacturing. Since foundries often have cost advantage over IDMs due to their specialization and economies of scale, IDMs have incentives to source from foundries for the purpose of avoiding ex...