We examine the formation of nitrate and ammonium on five types of externally mixed pre-existing aerosols using the hybrid dynamic method in a global chemistry transport model. The model developed here predicts a similar spatial pattern of total aerosol nitrate and ammonium to that of several pioneering studies, but separates the effects of nitrate and ammonium on pure sulfate, biomass burning, ...

Tea saponin of functional ingredients extracted from camellia meal, is China's unique natural functional molecules. With silicone oil containing hydrogen and unsaturated polyether silicon hydrogenation reaction, and then esterification with tea saponin, and the tertiary amine hydrochloride reaction of tea saponin was modified organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt and its conversion rate reache...

In the title salt, 2NH(4) (+)·C(12)H(8)O(6)S(2) (2-), the dianion has crystallographic inversion symmetry. A three-dimensional framework is formed from primary hydrogen-bonded sheet structures comprising ammonium N-H⋯O(sulfonate) inter-actions and is linked peripherally through the biphenyl residues of the anions. This open framework has 43 Å(3) solvent-accessible voids.

In the ethyl-enedi-ammonium dication of the title salt, C2H10N2 (2+)·Cl(-)·SCN(-), the N-C-C-N torsion angle is 72.09 (12)°. In the crystal, an extensive three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network, formed by N-H⋯Cl and N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, holds all the ions together.

In the title salt, C(14)H(23)N(2)O(3) (+)·C(20)H(12)O(4)P(-), the dihedral angle between the two naphthyl ring systems in the anion is 57.77 (6)°. In the crystal, an O-H⋯O hydrogen bond links the components. The ammonium group engages in N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a layer structure.

PURPOSE To evaluate an intraocular drug delivery system consisting of the crystalline ammonium salt of 1-O-hexadecylpropanediol-3-phospho-ganciclovir (HDP-P-GCV) as a slow-release form of the drug. METHODS A dosage of 0.885, 1.57, 2.8, 4.486, or 8.85 micromol of ammonium salt HDP-P-GCV in 0.1 mL was intravitreally injected into rabbit vitreous. The toxicity and safety were evaluated with opht...

In the crystal structure of the 1:1 title salt, C(4)H(12)NO(2) (+)·C(6)H(4)BrO(-), hydrogen-bonding inter-actions originate from the ammonium cation, which adopts a syn conformation. A gauche relationship between the C-O and C-N bonds of the 2-hy-droxy-ethyl fragments also facilitates O-H⋯O inter-actions of bis-(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)ammonium cation chains to phenolate O atoms. The resulting double...

In the crystal structure of the title salt, C(8)H(12)NO(+)·Cl(-), the methoxy group of the cation is co-planar with the phenylene moiety with an r.m.s. deviation from the mean plane of only 0.005 Å. The ammonium N atom deviates from this plane by 1.403 (1) Å. In the crystal, the (4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)methan-aminium cations and chloride anions are linked by N-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulti...

A novel strategy for highly efficient utilization of chiral ammonium salt catalysts has been described in this paper. Three kinds of catalytic functions including iminium catalysis, enamine catalysis, and acid catalysis of chiral ammonium salt catalysts, have been achieved in the enantioselective reduction and alkylation reaction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with alcohols.

A facile and efficient synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes derivatives (3a-u) was reported via a condensation reaction of aldehydes and indole in the presence of by silica-supported-3-(triethoxysilyl) propane-1-ammonium chloride catalysis under solvent free conditions. We studied the reaction in different conditions and optimized. The use of just 0.02 g of (silica gel-ammonium salt) is sufficient...