Cyclic di‑AMP (c-di-AMP) is a second signaling molecule involved in the regulation of bacterial physiological processes and interaction between pathogen and host. However, the regulatory network mediated by c-di-AMP in Mycobacterium remains obscure. In M. smegmatis, a diadenylate cyclase (DAC) was reported recently, but there is still no investigation on c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE). Here, ...

c-AMP has been identified as a mediator in the action of several hormones and of changes induced by the environment in mammals, bacteria, algae and fungi [1-7], However, the occurence and function of c-AMP in higher plants is currently a matter of controversy [8 -12]. Attempts to detect c-AMP in higher plants using different assay systems have been inconclusive for several reasons [10, 11]. The...

We made mixed mounds of vitally stained prestalk cells and unstained prespore cells, from Dictyostelium discoideum (Dd), and exposed these to external 3',5'-cyclic-AMP (c-AMP) sources. We show that prestalk cells will sort out by moving directionally toward c-AMP sources held at less than 10(-5) M c-AMP. This is evidence for cell sorting via chemotaxis. We present arguments that the natural cel...

Bacteria often use cyclic dinucleotides as second messengers for signal transduction. While the classical molecule c-di-GMP is involved in lifestyle selection, the functions of the more recently discovered signaling nucleotide cyclic di-AMP are less defined. For many Gram-positive bacteria, c-di-AMP is essential for growth suggesting its involvement in a key cellular function. We have analyzed ...

Cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is a broadly conserved second messenger required for bacterial growth and infection. However, the molecular mechanisms of c-di-AMP signaling are still poorly understood. Using a chemical proteomics screen for c-di-AMP-interacting proteins in the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, we identified several broadly conserved protein receptors, including the ...

Cyclic-di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is a broadly conserved bacterial second messenger that is of importance in bacterial physiology. The molecular receptors mediating the cellular responses to the c-di-AMP signal are just beginning to be discovered. PstA is a previously uncharacterized PII -like protein which has been identified as a c-di-AMP receptor. PstA is widely distributed and conserved among Gram-p...

The development of new adjuvants enables fine modulation of the elicited immune responses. Ideally, the use of one or more adjuvants should result in the induction of a protective immune response against the specific pathogen. We have evaluated the immune response and protection against Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice vaccinated with recombinant Tc52 or its N- and C-terminal domains (NTc52 ...

Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is a recently discovered second messenger in bacteria. Most of work on c-di-AMP signaling has been done in Gram-positive bacteria, firmicutes, and actinobacteria, where c-di-AMP signaling pathways affect potassium transport, cell wall structure, and antibiotic resistance. Little is known about c-di-AMP signaling in other bacteria. Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative age...

Nowadays, a challenge for programmers is to make their programs better. The word "better" means more simple, portable and much faster in execution. Heterogeneous computing is a new methodology in computer science field. GPGPU programming is a new and challenging technique which is used for solving problems with data parallel nature. In this paper we describe this new programming methodology wit...

Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) has been shown to play important roles as a second messenger in bacterial physiology and infections. However, understanding of how the signal is transduced is still limited. Previously, we have characterized a diadenylate cyclase and two c-di-AMP phosphodiesterases in Streptococcus pneumoniae, a Gram-positive pathogen. In this study, we identified a c-di-AMP binding pro...