Coculturing multiple cell types together in 3-dimensional (3D) cultures better mimics the in vivo microphysiological environment, and has become widely adopted in recent years with the development of organ-on-chip systems. However, a bottleneck in set-up of these devices arises as a result of the delivery of the gel into the microfluidic chip being sensitive to pressure fluctuations, making gel...

We know that Innovation plays a crucial role in sustainable development for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) cluster. This paper applies a multi-criteria methodology to SMEs cluster innovation capability appraisal, known as the analytic hierarchy process(AHP). This methodology is especially useful when there is partial information and/or qualitative variables are used. Firstly, this paper de...

We investigate the distribution of energy density in a stationary self-reproducing inflationary universe. We show that the main fraction of volume of the universe in a state with a given density ρ at any given moment of proper time t is concentrated near the centers of deep exponentially wide spherically symmetric wells in the density distribution. Since this statement is very surprising and co...

Microfluidic technologies show promise as miniaturized, portable platforms for cell assays, but must be tested to establish confidence of within-device consistency, assurance of day-to-day reproducibility, and clear understanding of how experimental conditions may affect outcomes. As an example, we assessed repeatability in a 64-chamber microfluidic device and measured reproducibility in device...