In the present study, interactions between lead exposure with nitric oxide precursor (L-arginine) or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NAME) on naloxone-induced jumping and diarrhea in morphine-dependent mice were examined. Chronic lead acetate (0.05%) exposure altered naloxone-induced jumping and diarrhea in mice. Jumping was decreased after 7 days and was unchanged 14 and 28 days after...

Background: Zinc is essential for nucleic acid metabolism, protein synthesis and tissue healing. Zinc deficiency has detrimental effects on child health and increases mortality rate of pneumonia and gastroenteritis. By improving absorptive function of villous cells and by reducing pathogenic enterobacteriaceae in lumen, Zinc improves diarrhea outcome in children. Previous studies in developing ...

background: diarrhea is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity during the early life period especially in developing countries. micronutrients deficiencies have been proposed either as a risk factor or a consequence of diarrhea. association studies highlight the relation of vitamins and minerals’ deficiencies with acute diarrhea. in this regard we aimed to evaluate the status of vitamins a ...

background: rotavirus is one of the most common etiologic agent of severe acute diarrhea in infants and children which results in high mortality and morbidity globally. prophylactic strategies are required to prevent acute rotavirus diarrhea. recently, the beneficial effect of probiotic therapy in control of rotavirus diarrhea was noted in many investigations. this systematic review investigate...

Background: Excessive and irrational use of antibiotics in the treatment of acute diarrhea has caused increased resistance to these medications. It is well defined that most cases of diarrhea in children do not require the use of antibiotics. This study was aimed to determine the status of antibiotic administration for treatment of acute diarrhea in children younger than five years. All who adm...

Background: Well-controlled clinical studies in the developed world have shown that probiotics can shorten the duration of acute non-bacterial diarrhea. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a probiotic consisting of a mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum in the treatment of young children with acute diarrhea in Mashad, Iran Methods: Sixty-two hospital inpatients aged...

Background: Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children and the most common malignancy in infant.Some tumors release vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), causing a profound secretory diarrhea. In this report we describe a 33 month old girl with intermittent diarrhea from 9 month ago and hypokalemia resistant to treatment .She had increased VMA in 24hour urin .After co...

Introduction: Diarrhea is a common illness among travelers to developing countries. Located in a tropical region, Bali has a potentially high prevalence of travelers diarrhea. This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the clinical and microbiological profiles of diarrhea among travelers admitted to Kasih Ibu hospital, Denpasar-Bali. Metho...