bailsman is commitment to summon party .this commitment on suspect of some, cause dominate on the third-party .for this reason, some have questioned the validity of contract, other groups have attempted to justify the validity of the contract with using of joint and several liability and advocacy. in sunni jurisprudence, the first tool used and in shiie, the second tool. but the truth is that t...

The credit lack of third-party logistics enterprises has severely hampered the healthy development of the industry. This article establish the credit evaluation index system for third-party logistics enterprises based on the analysis of factors influencing the credit for a comprehensive, objective, scientific credit level evaluation. The authors determine the weight of every evaluation index wi...

promise de port fort is an useful legal basic for justification many civil and commercial transactions. such as bank guaranties, insurance and guaranty of things it divides two legal relations, relation between parties if third party not ratify and relation with third party if she or he ratify that promise. unlike its appearance, it, is not violation the principle of relativity of contracts. be...

This paper introduces certified sets to the private set intersection problem. A private set intersection protocol allows Alice and Bob to jointly compute the set intersection function without revealing their input sets. Since the inputs are private, malicious participants may choose their sets arbitrarily and may use this flexibility to affect the result or learn more about the input of an hone...

This paper describes various possible attacks on temporal properties such as temporal records of payment times and declarations of the closing times for electronic submissions, and explains defense measures that use a trusted third party to provide temporal accountability. We propose a secure electronic submission protocol as a typical time-sensitive application and a temporal accountability lo...

dowry or marriage portion is a property that a wife owns after marriage and the spouse is obliged to pay to his wife. since marriage portion rules are not explicitly stipulated in iranian civil law, the writer article makes an attempt to answer whether a third party other than the husband can be in doubted to undertake the responsibility of paying the dowry. therefore, in case of divorce if the...

arising of loss entitles the third party to the compensation. in this respect, more often than not, the entitlement of the third party finds its justification based on voluntary principles and sometimes based on involuntary ones. if the third party cannot find defense based on voluntary principles, he or she has to resort to involuntary ones. the possibility of multiple compensation methods cou...