more than 50% of the global population already lives in urban settlements which are projected to absorb almost all the global population growth to 2050, amounting to some additional three billion people. over the next decades the increase in rural population in many developing countries will be overshadowed by population flows to cities. rural populations globally are expected to peak at a leve...

problems statement: new millennium started while more than half of world population lives in cities. this issue requires attendance of the citizens in affairs managemanet along with necessity of equipment, demands and needs. the important point is barriers and prohibiting factors which prevent participation. this article intends to answer these questions by reliance on research findings in 2009...

in this study myer index was calculated for six groups of a sample of urban and rural population of iran, classified by population size. the data used were information collected on 146116 urban and 158124 rural populations, for estimation of death, birth and growth rates in iran. the results indicate: the range of the index varies between 23.14-68.06 for women and 28.41-69.62 for men (urban or ...

Due to the inherent discrete nature of sensing, interpolation is a key activity in sensing. Interpolation in urban computing faces an unprecedented inference issue that was not present in large scale traditional sensing environments. Obstacles such as buildings and walls are prevalent in urban sensing, and it is important to consider them in urban sensing interpolation. This paper introduces an...

A regional key comparison EURAMET.EM-K5.1 and a supplementary comparison COOMET. EM-S2 for electrical power were conducted between participating laboratories from the Eurasian region. Measurements were made over the period 2003 to 2011. The results showed good agreement between all but one of the participating laboratories. The proposed procedure of linking results of key and supplementary comp...

OBJECTIVE To describe fall-related injuries due to pets in an older population. DESIGN Case series. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Patients aged 75 years and over presenting to the emergency department of a metropolitan hospital in northern Sydney over 18 months, with a fracture directly related to their pet. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Type of fracture; circumstances of injury. RESULTS 16 cases (m...

This article describes a new model for urban planning in ancient and preindustrial cities that moves beyond the traditional simplistic dichotomy of planned versus organic cities. The model has two components: coordination of buildings and spaces, and standardization among cities. A variety of coordinated arrangements of buildings reflect urban planning, including simple coordination, formality ...

The objectives and methodology of the MAMUD research project are presented in this paper. MAMUD is an acronym for Measuring and Modeling Urban Dynamics: Impact on Quality of Live and Hydrology. The research will be conducted over a four year period (2007-2011). The major goal is to investigate how earth observation can contribute to a better monitoring, modeling and understanding of urban dynam...

BACKGROUND The impact of delays in emergency department (ED) care has not been described in European countries where ED crowding is not universally recognized. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of ED crowding with delays in triage and treatment, and 24-h mortality in patients admitted to the ED. METHODS Five years of data from adults admitted to the hospital were analyse...

Context of contents for optimal user experience can be composed of various elements including time, spatial context, and social context. And also including global, local and personal contexts. In this paper, we proposed a representation scheme of spatial context hierarchy for optimal content services. Proposed context representation consists of time and spatial index and relations makes formal ...