. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

the older population in the world especially in iran is growing. according to census the number of individuals aged is approaching5/07 million in 2006 the nation is bracing for the aging of baby boom generation in 20 next year, which will swell the 65 and older population to10 million by 2020 and 26 million by 2050. (iran census, 2006) this population trends ported increased demand for health c...

A geometrical construction of the transcomplex numbers was given elsewhere. Here we simplify the transcomplex plane and construct the set of transcomplex numbers from the set of complex numbers. Thus transcomplex numbers and their arithmetic arise as consequences of their construction, not by an axiomatic development. This simplifies transcomplex arithmetic, compared to the previous treatment, ...

A new paradigm for ocean carbon observations is emerging with the rapid advances in autonomous measurements of carbon systems with the success of robotic ocean profiling Carbon Explorers, autonomous sensors for particulate organic and inorganic carbon (POC and PIC), and new instruments which will measure year-long high frequency records of POC and PIC sedimentation in the very observation-poor ...

Science consists of both a body of knowledge and a process by which the knowledge is produced. Historically, these two aspects were often assessed separately (i.e., test items on knowledge and test items on skills) and taught relatively separately (e.g., with an introduction section on skills or via isolated projects or labs). The last decade has been marked by a substantial shift to an integra...

From the start of their studies students in condensed matter physics are exposed to ordered systems. These systems can be very simple and give insight into the physics of many materials. However it seems that much of what is learned in ordered systems cannot be brought to disordered systems. Instead new conceptual understandings much be reached will very different consquences. One of these is t...

*Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry, Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR, †Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR, ‡UPR-MDACC Partnership for Excellence in Cancer Research Program, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Ju...

agreed-upon moral precepts, such as telling the truth and not harming others, are rules for living together that any intelligent gregarious beings would put into their social contracts, needing no divine sanction. In contrast, little good can come from parochial doctrines that cannot be justifi ed by universal standards of reason. Coyne doesn’t dwell on obvious historical disasters, such as rel...

This paper seeks to explain the shift that took place in the mid-nineteenth century elaboration of a polygenist idea of race. Supplementing existing claims that increasing evidence about the diversity of humankind provided a context for this shift, the focus here is upon British colonial encounters in Australia. It is against the background of what was considered to be a distinctly human separa...