Hypersalivation is one of the intractable symptoms of anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. While anticholinergic medications partially improve the hypersalivation, they can aggravate the autonomic dysfunctions associated with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Thus, we investigated the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A injection on hypersalivation refractory to anticholine...

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune inflammation of the brain parenchyma mediated with autoantibodies against NMDA receptors in neuronal cells. It most common form encephalitides pediatric patients. In this case report, we present a child anti-NMDAR encephalitis, refractory to first-line therapy.

The most common type of autoimmune encephalitis is anti-NMDAR-encephalitis. It characterized by IgG an­tibodies against the GluN1 subunit NMDA receptor, leading to marked neuropsychiatric and behavioural symptoms that progress in a subacute manner seizures, speech abnormalities, depressed level con­sciousness. In this case report, clinical course 30-year-old man who first received treatment for...

We describe a 24-year-old woman with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis that developed 3 weeks after normal delivery. She was treated with methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis, in addition to teratoma excision. However, her recovery was slow, and dysmnesia and mental juvenility persisted even two years after onset. To date, five patients w...

Since its original description in 2007, anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis associated with an ovarian teratoma is an increasingly recognized etiology of previously unexplained encephalopathy and encephalitis. Extreme delta brush (EDB) is a novel electroencephalogram (EEG) finding seen in many patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The presence of this pattern is associ...

BACKGROUND Encephalitis with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies (anti-NMDAR-Ab) is a rapid-onset encephalitis including psychosis, seizures, various movement disorders and autonomic system disturbances. CASE PRESENTATION We report a very unusual case of extensive myelitis associated with anti-NMDAR-Ab. MRI also revealed a hyperintense T2 lesion, non-suggestive of MS, which progress...

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a recently described and underdiagnosed entity that typically affects young, previously healthy individuals. Patients usually present in phases, which may include refractory seizures, psychosis, unresponsiveness, and autonomic instability. The diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis is challenging; however, prompt diagnosis and early ...

The symptoms of malignant (lethal) catatonia has been reported similar to initial symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Subsequently, this autoimmune limbic encephalitis has been noticed in many psychiatrists. We have experienced several cases with malignant catatonia having anti-NMDAR antibody without clinical signs of encephalitis. Thereafter, we have also found anti-NMDAR antibody positive pa...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is the most common type of autoimmune synaptic encephalitis and it often responds to treatment. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in Korea. METHODS Serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with encephalitis of undetermined cause were screened f...

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a potentially fatal autoimmune syndrome in which IgG antibodies target the NR1 subunit of NMDA resulting profound dysregulation and neurotransmission.