In this paper we explore the "vector semantics" problem from the perspective of "almost orthogonal" property of high-dimensional random vectors. We show that this intriguing property can be used to "memorize" random vectors by simply adding them, and we provide an efficient probabilistic solution to the set membership problem. Also, we discuss several applications to word context vector embeddi...

A number of states have proposed initiatives or implemented laws that prohibit state courts from applying, considering, or interpreting foreign law, and in particular, Islamic law. The constitutionality of anti-Sharia legislation is in question. Its proponents claim that the Sharia ban protects state and federal constitutional rights, whereas its opponents claim that the ban infringes on the re...

In this paper we analyze whether U.S. Anti-Dumping (AD) duties in the agricultural sector are effective in restricting trade. More specifically, does imposition of an antidumping duty restrict imports of the named commodity or is there a diversion in the supply of imports from countries named in the petition to countries not named in the antidumping petition? We find that AD duties have had a s...

This study analysed the sender and receiver addresses of 3,417 unsolicited e-mails. Over 60.3% of unsolicited e-mails were found to have an invalid sender address and 92.8% receiver addresses did not appear in the “To” or “CC” headers. The analytical results indicated that e-mail addresses in the header could provide a cue for filtering junk e-mails.

anti spam measures analysis and design What to say and what to do when mostly your friends love reading? Are you the one that don't have such hobby? So, it's important for you to start having that hobby. You know, reading is not the force. We're sure that reading will lead you to join in better concept of life. Reading will be a positive activity to do every time. And do you know our friends be...

The existance of networks of ‘bots’ raises the possibility of a new type of spam that breaks the current paradigm of spam defense, in which the defence acts purely as a filter. This spam, which we call parasitic spam, looks to a filter very much like spam with scraped text, but contains instead legitimate content going from a legitimate sender to a legitimate recipient. In this problem statemen...

The articles in this issue signify the maturation of social constructionism. After introducing the articles, I raise two questions that have remained under-represented on these pages. First, the historicization of constructionism has been avoided by constructionists and critics alike; and, second, the epistemological concerns have been dominated by realist– anti-realist debates. I conclude by i...

We explore what group reputation is and model its formation and evolution. We define a player’s group reputation as the belief others have about the characteristics of the group he belongs to, which is based only on group signals. A player’s individual reputation is derived from his group reputation by adding individual signals. A model of group reputation of civil servants is constructed to id...

In recent years, there has been considerable interest among people to use short message service (SMS) as one of the essential and straightforward communications services on mobile devices. The increased popularity of this service also increased the number of mobile devices attacks such as SMS spam messages. SMS spam messages constitute a real problem to mobile subscribers; this worries telecomm...

In this paper anti-spam filtering is presented as a cumbersome service, as opposed to a software product perspective. The huge human effort for setting up, adaptation, maintenance, and tuning of filters for spam detection in anti-spam systems is explained. Choosing the best importance scores for the spam filters is essential for the accuracy of any rules based anti-spam system, and is also one ...