Background In Indonesia issues of late deliveries and expiry of antiretroviral (ARV) medicines are significant. Indonesia with 7 main islands and 14.000 islands has a number of distribution difficulties. In addition there is a lack of appropriately qualified personnel handling ARV logistics. Seeing this situation the Indonesia AIDS Coalition (IAC) sought to initiate ARV monitoring through socia...

OBJECTIVES Because liver enzymes elevation (LEE) complicates antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, and because the strongest risk factor for ARV-related LEE is HBV/HCV coinfection, it is speculated that ARV-related LEE may be a form of immune reconstitution disease. This study summarizes the relation between immune reconstitution, ARV-induced LEE, and HBV/HCV coinfection. METHODS Medical records of A...

Previous studies have reported that majority of antiretroviral (ARV) treatment-naïve patients use traditional medicine (TM). Given that TM use is ubiquitous in South Africa especially for chronic conditions, there is a potential for ARV non-adherence and serious drug interactions among patients with HIV/AIDs who use TM. The motivating factors for TM use in HIV/AIDS patients on ARV and prophylax...

The protease and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes were studied in antiretroviral (ARV)-experienced and drug-naive HIV-1-infected individuals in Libreville, Gabon. We have shown, although on a limited number of samples that in 58% (11/19) of the patients, with a mean of 17.7 months of ARV drug experience, major mutations inevitably inducing resistances to ARV drugs were present. Resistance was m...

Abstract Background Little is known about HIV-1 integrase inhibitor resistance in the CNS. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate CSF, as a marker of CNS, and compare it with plasma. Methods HIV was sequenced both plasma CSF for 59 patients. The clinical biological data were collected from routine care. Results Among patients, 32 (54.2%) under antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. median (IQR) RNA v...

Antiretroviral (ARV) drug use was analyzed in HIV-uninfected women in an observational cohort study conducted in 10 urban and periurban communities in the United States with high rates of poverty and HIV infection. Plasma samples collected in 2009-2010 were tested for the presence of 16 ARV drugs. ARV drugs were detected in samples from 39 (2%) of 1,806 participants: 27/181 (15%) in Baltimore, ...

Recognized complications associated with antiretroviral (ARV) therapy now include a diverse group of abnormalities, which include bone marrow suppression, hepatic, renal and pancreatic inflammation, bodycomposition changes (lipodystrophy), skin and nail abnormalities diabetes hypersensitivity reactions, hyperlipidaemia, osteopenia, avascular bone necrosis, hypertension, atherosclerosis, hypothy...

The primary strategy to avoid mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through breastfeeding is administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to HIV-positive pregnant women. Because significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs occur during pregnancy, quantifying HAART and the viral load in breast milk in this population is ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Little is known on how different antiretroviral (ARV) drugs affect the gut microbiome in HIV infection; and conflicting data exists on the effect of ARV drugs on residual inflammation/immune activation and microbial translocation. RECENT FINDINGS Gut microbiome involvement in the transmission and pathogenesis of HIV infection is increasingly being recognized. Various studies...

Earlier Initiation of ARV Therapy Over the past few years, several studies have been presented and published that indicate that earlier initiation of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy decreases morbidity and mortality amongst HIV+ patients [Kitahata M, et al. New Engl J Med 2009;360:1815-26; Emery S, et al. JID 2008;197:1133-1144]. A number of studies reported on specific mechanisms that could be co...