BACKGROUND/AIM Pancreatitis is the most common and feared complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). We previously examined patency of the accessory pancreatic duct (APD) by dye injection endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP). APD patency was found in 43% of 291 control cases who had no particular changes in the head of the pancreas compared to only 6% in patie...

There has been considerable controversy about whether generalized social phobia (GSP) and avoidant personality disorder (APD) are redundant diagnostic categories. In light of the ongoing controversy, more data are needed to help determine whether GSP and APD are independent constructs. Data were obtained from 335 people seeking treatment for GSP at a two site clinical trial. Indicators of GSP a...

I read the paper by Hernández Garces et al. [1] with interest and I have some questions. I have prospectively examined patency of the accessory pancreatic duct (APD) by dyeinjection endoscopic retrograde pancreatography in 410 cases (291 controls, 46 acute pancreatitis, 32 chronic pancreatitis, 27 pancreaticobiliary maljunction, and 14 intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas) [2, 3...

BACKGROUND Regional differences in action potential duration (APD) restitution in the heart favour arrhythmias, but the mechanism is not well understood. METHODS We simulated a 150 x 150 mm 2D sheet of cardiac ventricular tissue using a simplified computational model. We investigated wavebreak and re-entry initiated by an S1S2S3 stimulus protocol in tissue sheets with two regions, each with d...

Several cardioactive agents exhibit direct or reverse rate-dependent effects on action potential duration (APD) depending on the experimental conditions. Recently, a new theory has been proposed, suggesting that the reverse rate-dependent mode of drug-action may be a common property of canine, rabbit, guinea pig and human cardiac tissues, and this phenomenon is based on the dependence of drug-a...

Cell coupling is considered to be important for cardiac action potential propagation and arrhythmogenesis. We carried out computer simulations to investigate the effects of stimulation strength and cell-to-cell coupling on action potential duration (APD) restitution, APD alternans, and stability of reentry in models of isolated cell, one-dimensional cable, and two-dimensional tissue. Phase I fo...

BACKGROUND/AIMS To clarify the anatomy of the pancreatic duct system and to investigate its embryology. METHODS We reviewed pancreatograms of 256 patients with a normal pancreatic head and 36 cases of complete pancreas divisum. RESULTS Accessory pancreatograms were divided into two patterns. The long-type accessory pancreatic duct (APD) forms a straight line and joins the main pancreatic du...

During ventricular fibrillation (VF) only 39% of the variation in action potential duration (APD) is accounted for by the previous diastolic interval [DI((n-1))], i.e., restitution, and the previous APD [APD((n-1))], i.e., memory. We tested the hypothesis that a characteristic of the AP upstroke, the maximum rate of depolarization (V(max)), also helps account for its APD. A floating microelectr...

Hao, Steven C., David J. Christini, Kenneth M. Stein, Peter N. Jordan, Sei Iwai, Orville Bramwell, Steven M. Markowitz, Suneet Mittal, and Bruce B. Lerman. Effect of -adrenergic blockade on dynamic electrical restitution in vivo. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 287: H390–H394, 2004. First published March 4, 2004; 10.1152/ajpheart.00749.2003.—The slope of the action potential duration (APD) rest...