PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] clinically and radiographically as materials used to induce root-end closure in necrotic permanent teeth with immature apices (apexification). METHODS Fifteen children, each with at least 2 necrotic permanent teeth requiring root-end closure (apexification), were selected for this st...

One-visit mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apexification is gaining in popularity over the use of calcium hydroxide barriers. This study examined the sealing properties of two MTA apexification procedures using an in vitro apexification model. White MTA was introduced into instrumented single-rooted canals with standardized artificially created open apices to form 3- to 5-mm-thick orthograde ap...

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) was introduced as an alternative to traditional materials for the repair of root perforations, pulp-capping and as a retrograde root filling due to its superior biocompatibilty and ability to seal the root canal system. Traditionally, calcium hydroxide has been the material of choice for the apexification of immature permanent teeth but MTA holds significant pro...

Apexification is a method of inducing apical closure for non-vital immature permanent teeth. During this treatment a mineralized barrier is induced [with long term calcium hydroxide (CH) treatment]; or artificially created [with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) plug]. This article describes two cases of apexification in immature necrotic teeth treated with these two different techniques. After ...

This case report looks at a case of traumatic avulsion and subsequent apexification of a maxillary permanent incisor of a 6-year-old boy and a 10-year follow-up is reported. Treatment included apexification of the tooth with incomplete root formation using mineral trioxide aggregate and restoration of the immature root with a zirconia post and a coronal composite restoration. At the 10-year fol...

Apexification is a process of forming a mineralized apical barrier and had been performed by using calcium hydroxide paste, due to its biological and healing performances in cases of existent trauma. This clinical report aims to report the results of a 16-year follow-up study of an apexification treatment applied to nonvital tooth 22 of a healthy 8-year-old male after a trauma. Clinical inspect...

Single visit apexification using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a new boon in effective management of nonvital tooth with an open apex which has steadily gained popularity with clinicians; also it shortens the treatment period and improves patient compliance. Importance of this approach lies in expedient cleaning and shaping of the root canal system, followed by its apical seal with MTA. T...

Traumatic injuries in childhood may disrupt root development leading to a tooth with open apex. Apexification procedures in such cases aim at root end closure after reasonable period of time. In some chronic cases, complete healing of the periapical area does not occur resulting in development of a nonhealing sinus. Failure of nonsurgical approach in such cases needs surgical intervention permi...

Materials such as calcium hydroxide paste and mineral trioxide aggregate are used in apexification treatment of immature permanent teeth, but the search for improved materials with higher characteristics of biocompatibility results in different materials. Biodentine is a tricalcium silicate cement that possesses adequate handling characteristics and acceptable mechanical and bioactivity propert...