a new species of cassiduloid echinoids, pygaulus baghinensis is reported for the first time from aptian sediments of baghin area, west of kerman, iran. the diagnostic features of the species are centrally positioned of the apical disc and approximately low profile of the test. variation in gonopore size in different individuals allows to conclude that p. baghinensis is sexually dimorphic. speci...

statement of problem: endodontic treatment of necrotic teeth with open apices is a challenge. after ruling out surgery as a treatment scheme and introduction of the multivisit apexification which in turn had its disadvantages, apical plug seems to be a suitable substitute treatment plan for such cases. apical plug makes the treatment through formation of a barrier against the obturating materia...

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY Analysis was performed to examine a method for refining the preoperative prognosis for horses that had surgery to remove apical fractures of the proximal sesamoid bones (PSBs). OBJECTIVES To determine if: 1) there was a difference in size or configuration of apical fractures between the different anatomical locations of the PSBs, which have been shown to affect the...

Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates. The purpose of this study was to determine whether increasing the temperature of apical kernels during the dry matter accumulation period would alter the difference in growth rate between apical and basal kernels. Apical regions of field-grown maize ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of preparation taper using size #20 or size #40 ProFile GT files on the ability to introduce irrigant and remove debris from root canals. Forty-eight bilaterally matched pairs of extracted teeth were instrumented using.04-,.06-,.08-, and.10-tapered files with one tooth of each pair enlarged to size #20 and the other to size #40. The teeth wer...

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the response of periapical tissues to the endodontic sealer Endométhasone in root canal fillings short of or beyond the apical foramen. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty root canals of premolars and incisors of 2 mongrel dogs were used. After coronal access and pulp extirpation, the canals were instrumented up to a size 55 K-file and the apical cemental barrier was pe...

canal preparation generates a substantial amount of debris and smear layer (sl). the size and taper of the master apical file (maf) affects on penetration of irrigants and subsequently canal cleaning efficacy. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maf size and taper on penetration of irrigants to the apical third of curved mesiobuccal (mb) canals of mandibular first molars.eighty-...