Epidermal naevi are a heterogenous group of benign congenital hamartomas that may be composed of cells of sebaceous, apocrine, eccrine, follicular, or keratinocyte origin. Verrucous epidermal naevi (VEN) are a type of epidermal naevi of keratinocyte differentiation.1 Although multiple lesions of VEN are often seen, lesions presenting bilaterally are rare. We present a case of VEN involving the ...

Introduction: Nevus sebaceous (NS) is a hamartoma composed of epidermal, dermal, follicular, and apocrine appendages found in the pediatric population. The current standard treatment full-thickness excision, but this controversial as much still unknown about malignant potential benign neoplasm. Secondary lesions associated with nevus include poromas, trichoblastomas, syringocystadenomas. purpos...

Apocrine metaplasia is a very common finding in the female breast after the age of 25. It is so common that many people regard it as a normal component of the breast. This, however, is only really the case in apocrine sweat glands of the axilla and in the peri-areolar apocrine glands. The apocrine cell does, however, contribute to a number of different breast lesions, some of which are very tax...

BACKGROUND Apocrine carcinoma is rare and often occurs in the axilla. This is the second apocrine carcinoma arising in bilateral axillae with associated apocrine hyperplasia to be reported. AIMS/METHODS Because benign apocrine tumours may be precursors of cancer, this case was investigated immunohistochemically and histologically, and a literature (English and Japanese) review undertaken of c...

We report a case of adenocarcinoma affecting the chin of a 48-year-old man. The tumor showed signs of apocrine differentiation and had infiltrated the muscle. The patient had no history or clinical evidence of breast cancer. We made a diagnosis of cutaneous apocrine adenocarcinoma. Apocrine adenocarcinoma rarely arises in areas with scarce apocrine glands. We reviewed the literature on apocrine...

OBJECTIVE Apocrine carcinoma, a subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, expresses androgen receptor (AR), but often lacks estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR). In the present study, the author immunohistochemically defined apocrine-type carcinoma as ER-/PgR-/AR+ invasive ductal carcinoma and analyzed the significance of apocrine-type carcinoma as triple-negative br...

Purpose: Apocrine carcinoma of the breast is rare and there is confusion about the criteria of its histopathologic diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical and pathologic characteristics of the disease. Methods: 9 patients diagnosed with apocrine carcinoma or apocrine carcinoma in situ and 1,009 patients diagnosed with non-apocrine carcinoma of the breast from April 1...

Apocrine carcinoma is a rare malignancy with invasive potential. It presents as painless, slow-growing, firm or cystic, red nodules with focal ulcerations. The tumor is capable of hematogenous dissemination to the liver, lungs, and bone as well as lymphatic spread. In addition, apocrine carcinomas cause intra-epidemial pagetoid spread. We report a case of an apocrine carcinoma related with exte...

Apocrine carcinoma of the breast is a distinctive malignancy with unique morphological and molecular features, generally characterized by being negative for estrogen and progesterone receptors, and thus not electable for endocrine therapy. Despite the fact that they are morphologically distinct from other breast lesions, no standard molecular criteria are currently available for their diagnosis...

Apocrine carcinoma is a very rare form of breast malignancy with an incidence of <1% of female invasive breast carcinoma. We report a case of apocrine carcinoma in a 42-year female with marked adenosis showing apocrine metaplasia and discuss the criteria to diagnose apocrine carcinoma with the emerging concept of androgen receptor positivity with its implication on treatment and management of t...