The underlying biochemical factors associated with a CO2-induced internal flesh browning (FB) disorder of Pink Lady apples (Malus domestica Borkh ‘Cripps Pink’) are poorly understood. To investigate this disorder, Pink Lady apples were stored in air or controlled atmosphere (CA) with 1.5 kPa O2 and 5 kPa CO2 at 0.5 ◦C for 2 and 4 months in 2004 and 2005. Following CA storage, fruit were separat...

The influence of maturing and ripening on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and anthocyanin accumulation was examined using bagged, non-bagged and shaded ‘Jonathan’ (Malus domestica) apples. Bagged fruit were covered with paper bags from mid-June at an early stage of fruit growth. Shaded apples were insulated from sunlight by newspaper at the beginning of colouring (middle September). ...

A mixed probit model was applied to survey data toanalyze consumers’ wilingness to buy apples with cosmetic damage caused by the sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) disease complex. The analysis finds consumers will pay a premium for organic production methods and for apples with low amounts of SBFS damage. Behavioral variables such as experience in growing fruit significantly affect the willingne...

A crop load estimation is important for efficient apple orchard management. This information is important for planning and assigning appropriate labor pool and equipment for harvesting and transportation of fruits from orchard to packing houses. Current machine vision-based techniques for crop load estimation have achieved only limited success. Two primary factors affecting the accuracy of such...

Male and female codling moths, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) responded to fruit-baited traps in orchards. Numbers of codling moths trapped with immature uninfested apples (Malus spp.), immature apples infested with larval codling moth, fresh ripe apples, stored ripe apples, or fresh ripe pears (Pyrus spp.) were signiÞcantly greater than in unbaited traps. Greatest numbers of c...

We show that the same mechanism that mediates analogical reasoning (i.e., structural alignment) leads to interpretive "content effects" in reasoning about arithmetic word problems. Specifically, we show that both college students and textbook writers tend to construct arithmetic word problems that maintain systematic correspondence between the semantic relations that people infer from pairs of ...

Whole ‘Spartan’ apples were exposed to 1 kPa O2, air (21 kPa O2) and 100 kPa O2 at 1°C for 5, 12 and 19 days. Subsequent to the pretreatment, apples were cored, sliced and 40095 g of slices were sealed in 40-mm-thick low density polyethylene film bags having a moderate O2 transmission rate (OTR 2.28 fmol s m m Pa at 23°C) and held for up to 2 weeks at 1°C. Cut surface browning and flesh softeni...

For many years the comparison of apples and oranges was thought to be impossible. Many authors use the analogy of the putative inability to compare apples and oranges as a means of scornfully reviewing the work of others. The titles of some recent publications 2 suggest an actual comparison of apples and oranges, but the authors do not, in fact, compare these two fruits. Our laboratory has been...

Fruits and vegetables that are consumed in large quantities may make a significant contribution to nutrient intake even though their nutrient content is not high. Apples fit into this category. Fresh apples are considered a food of moderate energy value among common fruits, while processed apple products are either comparable to fresh apples in energy value or higher because of concentration (d...