The Bacillus subtilis sacU locus consists of two genes, degS and degU, which positively regulate the synthesis of several extracellular enzymes including the neutral and alkaline proteases. Both the DegS and DegU proteins have been purified from overproducing Escherichia coli strains harboring degS or degU gene-carrying plasmids, and the following results were obtained. DegS was autophosphoryla...

Alpha-lactalbumin (α-LA) is a major whey protein found in breast milk and plays crucial role the growth development of infants. In this study, Bacillus subtilis RIK1285 harboring AprE signal peptide (SP) was selected as original strain for production α-LA. It that α-LA identified pellet after ultrasonic disruption centrifugation instead fermentation supernatant. The most likely only pr...

This study aimed to analyze the effect of Alpinia purpurata K. Schum rhizome extract (APRE) supplementation into tris-egg yolk extender on sperm quality Bali bull after freezing. used experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD), consisting five treatments, denoted as P0 (semen diluted using 100% Tris-Egg Yolk (TEY)), P1 98% TEY and 2% APRE), P2 96% + 4% P3 94% 6% P4 92% 8% APR...

Natto is a traditional Japanese food made from soybeans fermented by natto starter strains of Bacillus subtilis natto. It has been suggested that extracellular protease activity released by the bacteria are involved in the production of poly-γ-glutamate (γ-PGA) during natto fermentation. One of the natto starters, strain r22, possesses at least seven genes, each of which encoded an extracellula...

The Bacillus subtilis aprE leader is a determinant of extreme mRNA stability. The authors examined what properties of the aprE leader confer stability on an mRNA. The secondary structure of the aprE leader mRNA was analysed in vitro and in vivo, and mutations were introduced into different domains of an aprE leader-lacZ fusion. The half-lives of the corresponding transcripts were determined and...

We present APRE, a replication method for unstructured Peer-to-Peer overlays. The goal of our method is to achieve real-time replication of even the most sparsely located content relative to demand. APRE adaptively expands or contracts the replica set of an object in order to improve the sharing process and achieve a low load distribution among the providers. To achieve that, it utilizes search...

We present APRE, a replication method for structureless Peer-to-Peer overlays. The goal of our method is to achieve real-time replication of even the most sparsely located content relative to demand. APRE adaptively expands or contracts the replica set of an object in order to improve the sharing process and achieve a low load distribution among the providers. To achieve that, it utilizes searc...

The purpose of this study is to investigate if a readily available cell line (APRE-19) may be used to study in vitro function of visual cycle enzymes such as lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT). Cells incubated with exogenous retinol accumulated intracellular all-trans retinol and all-trans retinyl ester. Membrane proteins from ARPE-19 exhibited LRAT activity, which was inhibited by an LRAT...

In vitro studies demonstrated that the Bacilus subtilis subtilisin gene (aprE) could be transcribed by RNA polymerase holoenzyme reconstituted from core and eA factor obtained from vegetative cells. Upstream deletions (from -45) reduced the amount of transcription from the promoter. A deletion downstream of the promoter that overlapped a putative downstream minor promoter did not affect transcr...

Acute-phase reactants (APRs) are proteins synthesized in the liver following induction by interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and glucocorticoids, involving transcriptional gene activation. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) is a recently identified hepatic secretory protein potentially involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis, capable of binding the bacterial cell wall product endotoxin and direct...