Traditional discourses upon literature have been predicated upon the ability to refer to a text that others may consult (Landow, 1994, p. 33). Texts that involve elements of feedback and nontrivial decision-making on the part of the reader (Aarseth, 1997, p. 1) therefore present a challenge to readers and critics alike. Since a persuasive case has been made against a critical method that sets o...

During the first two decades of 21st century an increasing amount narratives termed as Arabic dystopian fiction appeared on literary scene, with a greater part authored by Egyptian writers. However, what characterises/marks work dystopia? This paper investigates nature selection works within frame narrative tradition. The article begins introducing features traditional dystopias they will be us...

magical realism is a new method in fiction. in this method the author uses the technique of magic and fantasy that mixed with reality. najib mahfouz and gholam hussein saedi are the pioneers of this style.one thousand and one nights and mourners of bayal are examples of magical realism method. this paper attempts to examine these stories. magic and fantasy, myth and the duality of the two stori...

Appropriation is a common practice in art and literature; electronic literature in particular lends itself readily to appropriation and collaboration, due to its multimodal and born-digital nature. This paper presents practice-based research examining the effects of digital appropriation on two works of digital fiction (a hyperfiction and an interactive fiction), demonstrating how it alters the...

This paper aims to add the growing body of cognitive translation studies that deal with emotions and factors evaluating process-oriented. Cognitive appraisal is one tokens includes three paradigms assessing performance translation, it can be addressed from perspective emotions, intuitions, individual styles SL method transfer into TL. The study hypothesized translators create a similar emotiona...