The aim of this article was to investigate the effect macroscale circulation types on total cloud cover in Poznań-Ławica (western Poland) years 1951–2015. analysis preceded by characteristics long-term, annual, and seasonal changes genera (data regarding observations covered period 1971–2015). six (Arctic oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, East Atlantic, Atlantic/West Russian, Scandinavia...

Neural network models are used to reveal the nonlinear winter atmospheric teleconnection patterns associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and with the Arctic Oscillation (AO) over the N. Hemisphere. The nonlinear teleconnections (for surface air temperature, precipitation, sea level pressure and 500 hPa geopotential height) are found to relate quadratically to the ENSO and AO in...

The term "Arctic Oscillation" (AO) has recently been introduced to describe the leading structure of SLP variability over the Northern Hemisphere. A key feature of the AO is its zonally symmetric appearance, with a primary center of action over the Arctic and opposing anomalies in midlatitudes. Does the AO's annular appearance result from significant temporal correlations between SLP anomalies ...

With amplified warming and record sea ice loss, the Arctic is the canary of global warming. The historical Arctic warming is poorly understood, limiting our confidence in model projections. Specifically, Arctic surface air temperature increased rapidly over the early 20th century, at rates comparable to those of recent decades despite much weaker greenhouse gas forcing. Here, we show that the c...

Most projections of greenhouse gas–induced climate change indicate a weakening of the thermohaline circulation (THC) in the North Atlantic in response to increased freshening and warming in the subpolar region. These changes reduce high-latitude upper-ocean density and therefore weaken the THC. Using ensembles of numerical experiments with a coupled ocean–atmosphere model, it is found that this...

Two climatic signals are most significant in affecting oceanographic and estuarine processes in the Mid-Atlantic Bight, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Pacific North American (PNA). The NAO is closely related to the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and primarily affects temperature. The PNA has a well-described teleconnection with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and is dominantly an...

Most projections of greenhouse gas-induced climate change indicate a weakening of the thermohaline circulation (THC) in the North Atlantic in response to increased freshening and warming in the subpolar region. These changes reduce high latitude upper ocean density, and therefore weaken the THC. Using ensembles of numerical experiments with a coupled ocean-atmosphere model, it is found that thi...

[1] Rising surface air temperatures in response to anthropogenic forcing are intensifying the global hydrologic cycle. Some of the more dramatic signs of climate change are increasing precipitation, evaporation, and freshwater discharge in continental river basins draining to high-latitude oceans. At regional scales, however, an acceleration of the hydrologic cycle is not always detected. In co...

[1] Seasonal climate prediction remains a challenge. During Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter the large‐scale teleconnection pattern the Arctic Oscillation (AO) explains the largest fraction of temperature variance of any other known climate mode. However the Arctic Oscillation is considered to be a result of intrinsic atmospheric dynamics or chaotic behavior and therefore is unpredictable. Here ...