Steady State to ASPEN plus (Aspen Technology, Inc. /www.aspentech.com /) Design Complex CHEMCAD (Chemstations, Inc. /www.chemstations.net /) Chemical Processes: Design II (WinSim Inc. /www.winsim.com /) gPROMS (Process Systems Enterprise Ltd. /www.psenterprise.com /) HYSYS (Hyprotech, Ltd. /www.hyprotech.com /) PEGS (CADcentre Ltd. /www.energyweb.net/OSO/) Pro II (SIMSCI-ESSCO division of Inven...

The steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) on a bimetallic RhPt/CeO2 catalyst was evaluated by the integration of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Aspen Plus (version 9.0, Aspen Tech, Burlington, MA, USA, 2016). First, the effect of the Rh–Pt weight ratio (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:1) on the performance of SRE on RhPt/CeO2 was assessed between 400 to 700 ◦C with a stoichiometric steam/ethanol m...

The aim of this paper is the steady state and dynamic simulations of the ammonia unit of Shiraz petrochemical complex and system behavior study versus the feed flow rate change for producing a good quality product. The ammonia unit consists of the reformer units, shift converter units, carbon dioxide absorption unit, methanation unit, and ammonia synthesis unit. For this purpose, in the first s...

To study the impact of ozone (O3) and O3 plus CO2 on aspen growth, we planted two trembling aspen clones, differing in sensitivity to O3 in the ground in open-top chambers and exposed them to different concentrations of O3 and O3 plus CO, for 98 days. Ozone exposure (58 to 97 microl l(-1)-h. total exposure) decreased growth and modified crown architecture of both aspen clones. Ozone exposure de...

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration ([CO2]) could alter terrestrial carbon (C) cycling by affecting plant growth, litter chemistry and decomposition. How the concurrent increase in tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration ([O3]) will interact with rising atmospheric [CO2] to affect C cycling is unknown. A major component of carbon cycling in forests is fine root production, morta...

Wood is an important renewable material used by humans for a variety of downstream applications. The basic subcellular structure in wood is the cell wall, mainly consisting of the cross-linked polymers cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Xylan is the main hemicellulose found in angiosperm wood, and its biosynthesis and effects on wood properties in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x tremuloides)...