12 There is high intra-specific variability in susceptibility of plants to herbivores with potential 13 effects on the population dynamics of species, community composition, structure and function. 14 This variability can be partly explained by vegetation assemblages, i.e. associational effects yet, 15 it is still unclear how the spatial scale of plant associations modulates foraging choice of ...

Interactions between individual consumer and resource organisms can be modified by neighbors, e.g., when herbivory depends on the identity or diversity of neighboring plants. Effects of neighbors on consumer-resource interactions ("associational effects") occur in many systems, including plant-herbivore interactions, predator-prey interactions (mimicry), and plant-pollinator interactions. Unfor...

11 There is high variability in the level of herbivory between individual plants from the same 12 species with potential effects on population dynamics, community composition, and ecosystem 13 structure and function. This variability can be partly explained by associational effects i.e. the 14 impact of the presence of neighboring plants on the level of herbivory experienced by a focal 15 plant...

12 There is high intra-specific variability in susceptibility of plants to herbivores with potential 13 effects on the population dynamics of species, community composition, structure and function. 14 This variability can be partly explained by vegetation assemblages, i.e. associational effects, but 15 it is still unclear how the spatial scale of plant associations modulates foraging choice of ...

Intensive Care depends on sophisticated life support technology. Effective management of devicesupported patients is complex, involving the interpretation of many variables, comparative evaluation of numerous therapeutic options, and control of various patient-management parameters. Raw data, when taken literally, can lead to the wrong interpretation of the patient state. We propose a system wh...

Associational effects of plant genotype or species on plant biotic interactions are common, not least for disease spread, but associational effects of plant sex on interactions have largely been ignored. Sex in dioecious plants can affect biotic interactions with herbivores and pollinators; however, its effects on plant-pathogen interactions are understudied and associational effects are unknow...