BACKGROUND More than a year after an influenza pandemic was declared in June 2009, the World Health Organization declared the pandemic to be over. Evaluations of the pandemic response are beginning to appear in the public domain. DISCUSSION We argue that, despite the enormous effort made to control the pandemic, it is now time to acknowledge that many of the population-based public health int...

BACKGROUND A successful malaria elimination program calls for enough attention to parasite carriers, especially asymptomatic malaria, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of clinical cases. Asymptomatic malaria is an infection that patients do not show any symptom; thus, these patients play critical role in the concept of an elimination program. The current investigation was conducted to eval...

A total of 1602 routine rectal swab specimens and 341 diarrhoeal specimens were obtained over a period of one and a quarter years from a group of children of semi-urban areas in the town of Vellore, North Arcot District, Tamil Nadu, India. Shigellae were found in 16.1 % of the specimens obtained at the time of diarrhoeal episodes. A 4.9 % incidence of asymptomatic infection with Shigella specie...

Experimental or naturally acquired subclinical infections with rotavirus caused a significant increase in mortality of infant mice after challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli B44.

Infection of susceptible BALB/c mice with a large, moderate, or low number of Leishmania major parasites respectively results in progressive disease, the formation of substantial but stable lesions, denoted as borderline disease, and the absence of a visible lesion. Infection with a low number of parasites results over the long term in either subclinical infections or an asymptomatic state. Sub...

The role of rhinovirus asymptomatic infections in the transmission among close contacts subjects is unknown. We tested health care workers, a pair of one child and a family member and immunocompromised patients (n =191). HRV were detected on 22.9% symptomatic and 3.6% asymptomatic cases suggesting lower transmission among contacts.

DESCRIPTION Capsular contracture is a common complication following breast augmentation. Although the etiology is unknown, it is hypothesized that subclinical infection contributes to the process. Surgical treatment strategies must take this into account to avoid recurrence.

We estimated the attack rate of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and assessed risk factors for infection among close contacts quarantined in Beijing, People's Republic of China. The first 613 confirmed cases detected between May 16 and September 15, 2009, were investigated; 7,099 close contacts were located and quarantined. The attack rate of confirmed infection in close contacts was 2.4% overall, ranging ...

Reinfection with influenza A virus was studied by measuring hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody responses to infection in paired sera taken from groups of soldiers and students. Among 62 soldiers severely infected during the first wave of the A/Asian/57 (H2N2) pandemic in 1957, 17 were asymptomatically reinfected with the same virus within six months. In the 1962 epidemic the rate increased to...