We present a climatology of monthly and 10 zonal mean profiles of sulfur dioxide (SO2) volume mixing ratios (vmr) derived from MIPAS/Envisat measurements in the altitude range 15–45 km from July 2002 until April 2012. The vertical resolution varies from 3.5–4 km in the lower stratosphere up to 6–10 km at the upper end of the profiles, with estimated total errors of 5–20 pptv for single profiles...

It has been clearly recognized that a low barometric pressure, when first encountered, may interfere with the normal workings of the human machine, but that later by compensatory responses the body may become adapted to the new conditions. The outstanding variable encountered in ascents to high altitudes by airplane, dirigible, free balloon, or mountaineering is the tenuousness of the atmospher...

Right heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension is a leading cause of mortality among suckling beef calves in the Rocky Mountain region. The objective of this study was to track changes in pulmonary arterial pressures (PAP) in healthy calves born and raised at altitudes ranging from 1,470 to 2,730 m. It was hypothesized that calves located at higher altitudes would show a greater increa...

The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) are the inhabitants of remote areas at higher altitudes with extreme geographic climatic conditions. habitats these least-studied species crucial for sustaining Himalayan ecosystem. We employed Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) distribution model to predict potential habitat suitability leopards extracted common overlapped niches. For th...

To explore the conservation and cultivation of endangered alpine medicinal crops at comparatively lower altitudes, a study on variations in morphological parameters and energy exchange characteristics was conducted on five herbaceous medicinal crops from the alpines of Central Himalayas. Plants of same age were selected from the alpine medicinal crop nursery, Tungnath (3600 m), and were planted...

today, climate change is one of the most important scientific and even the political – social issues. the causes of climate change can be divided into natural and human - made. natural factors have the long-term performance and long history, such as the cycle of solar activity, dusts and gases of volcanic eruptions, geodetic and static agents and etc. human-made factors was mainly formed and ac...