Western New Atheism is witnessing a resurgence in the Arab world which has provoked strong Islamic counter-atheism reaction. The present essay seeks to: 1—briefly describe cultural of both opposing camps, 2—illuminate philosophical Qur’?nic approach to atheism, 3—present peculiar defense atheism by Mu?ammad li-Mz?gh? utilizing classical Arab-Islamic scholasticism and literature, 4—examine an at...

Annie Besant was a Victorian radical whose outspoken views included advocacy of women’s rights and atheism. In her mid-forties she went to live in India. Her An Autobiography (1893) charts dramatic political ethical awakenings, up the point where joined Theosophical movement. It describes how unhappily married clergyman, contemplated suicide, embraced atheism, legally separated from husband. Th...

Tim Whitmarsh, Cambridge, UK Were the atheoi atheists? Religious scepticism and Greek polytheism It is a truism that there are few exact ancient equivalents to the modern atheist, who denies all and any possible supernatural power. To reach that position, one has to have both a rigid, identifiable line of differentiation between the natural and the supernatural, and a more or less coherent conc...

Industrialisation leads to relaxed selection and thus the accumulation of fitness-damaging genetic mutations. We argue that religion is a selected trait that would be highly sensitive to mutational load. We further argue that a specific form of religiousness was selected for in complex societies up until industrialisation based around the collective worship of moral gods. With the relaxation of...

The main purpose of the article is to reveal socio-historical context emergence concept “scientific atheism”, designed solve ideological and political problems in USSR 1954–1964. shows how atheism” turns into a conceptual category, filled with new content, forms an appropriate discourse becomes tool that produces socially significant meanings used practice production during period building soci...