The aim of this paper is numerical and experimental study of the effects of flow hydraulics, pipe structure (particularly elastic behaviour) and submerged jet on leak behaviour. In this regard, experimental tests were performed on a high-pressure circulation set up. Experiments were performed on an old steel pipe and a High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipe discharged to the atmosphere in a wide...

Bennartz and Rausch update and discuss a very useful satellite dataset of liquid-cloud droplet number concentration over oceans. The paper is pertinent to Atmos. Chem. Phys. and very well written. It is very useful that the authors make available their dataset. I have two major and a couple of specific suggestions that I think the authors should address before publication in Atmos. Chem. Phys. ...

The in-plane orthotropic elastic constants of machine-made paper and paperboard were determined in a compact testing machine equipped with an optical extensometer and using a high-speed digital image sensor. Commercial copy paper, sack paper and paperboard were tested in a standard atmosphere of 23

Nephrectomized rats exposed to inmade hypoxic at 0.465 atmos and is tense hypoxia produce sufficient erybarely detectable but significantly lowthropoietin (Ep) to detectably increase er than in nephrectomized rats when their plasma Ep titers. Extrarenal Ep exposed to 0.435 atmos. These results production is no longer detectable if suggest that the liver plays an Imnephrectomized rats are also s...

An instrument capable of performing nanoindentation at temperatures up to 500 degrees C in inert atmospheres, including partial vacuum and gas near atmospheric pressures, is described. Technical issues associated with the technique (such as drift and noise) and the instrument (such as tip erosion and radiative heating of the transducer) are identified and addressed. Based on these consideration...

Kinetic analyses have indicated that moderate hydrostatic pressures, up to some 700 atmospheres, oppose reversible and irreversible denaturations of certain enzyme systems, apparent at temperatures above the normal optimum of the enzyme reaction, as well as at lower temperatures in the presence of denaturants such as alcohol (14). Qualitative observations have shown that such pressures also ret...

An isentropic phase method is described for measuring in vitro the acoustic nonlinearity parameter B/A of several aqueous buffers, protein solutions, lipid oils, and emulsions. The technique relies upon the use of an acoustic interferometer to measure the small changes in sound speed that accompany a rapid hydrostatic pressure change of between one and two atmospheres. Average accuracies of 0.8...

Leighton and Murray have argued that there is a polar reservoir of solid CO: on Mars that lasts throughout the year and whose vapor pressure determines the mean partial pressure of CO: in the atmosphere. This model is discussed in the light of recent data, and several difficulties emerge. First, such a system might be unstable, owing to the tendency of poleward heat transport o increase with at...