Auditing standards are undergoing revision in the wake of recent, massive audit failures. Legislative and regulatory bodies are focusing more critically on auditors than ever before. Yet, contemplated revisions to auditing standards leave untouched ambiguities and unresolved issues that have reduced the effectiveness of the authoritative literature for decades. One of the longest-standing issue...

Auditing by downstream firms has limited effects on Chinese firms’ adherence to labor standards and other measures of blue collar workers well-being. Auditing does not affect the suppliers’ blue-collar employees’ wages, probability of belonging to a union, or likelihood of working overtime. However, audited firms are more likely to provide rural migrant workers pensions, business medical insura...

Introduction Both health information technology (HIT) and the payment card industry (PCI) involve the exchange and management of sensitive, protected information. Compared to the PCI, HIT could consider protected health information (PHI) more sensitive than PCI cardholder data. If cardholder data is breached in the PCI, payment card companies may then remove fraudulent charges from the customer...