Early elements in an operant chain of toilet behaviors were trained in three normal infants and five retarded children. Following that, eliminative behaviors were conditioned by operant procedures. Each child was equipped with an auditory signalling device that gave cues to the learner. Baseline behavior was recorded for a period of five days. The procedure for training consisted of two steps. ...

The auditory cortex is typically defined as that portion of the cortex containing neurons that respond to sound. This definition is adequate in a narrow context, but does not take into account sufficiently the subtleties associated with more complex behaviors and cognitive processes. Thus, it is easy to demonstrate that cortical regions essentially unrelated to sound processing may nevertheless...

Address correspondence to: Prudence Allen, Ph.D., Associate Professor, School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Director, National Centre for Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Room 2262 Elborn College, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6G 1H1, [email protected]. tivity that underlies that processing....” (p. 2). This implies that one should be studying not only the impact ...

This study measured the responses of dogs to signals delivered via hand and voice signals. The sought determine whether would display differential stimulus control when switching from a compound (auditory-visual) cue presentation only one its elements. Twelve performed target behavior in response 2-element composed (visual modality) signal (auditory signal. mean percent correct visual element (...

Recent investigations of non-human primate communication revealed vocal behaviors far more complex than previously appreciated. Understanding the neural basis of these communicative behaviors is important as it has the potential to reveal the basic underpinnings of the still more complex human speech. The latest work revealed vocalization-sensitive regions both within and beyond the traditional...

We describe work-in-progress prototypes of auditory displays for fuel efficiency driver interfaces (FEDIs). Although research has established that feedback from FEDIs can have a positive impact on driver behaviors associated with fuel economy, the impact of FEDIs on driver distraction has not been established. Visual displays may be problematic for providing this feedback; it is precisely durin...

Many animals use complex communication calls in social behaviors. In some species we know the features in the calls that elicit particular behaviors, but we do not understand how the auditory system encodes the calls. Nor do we understand the mechanisms underlying neural selectivity to calls. Our studies of the auditory midbrain of the Moustached Bat Pteronotus parnellii have revealed a neural ...

Studies in several mammalian species have demonstrated that bilateral ablations of the auditory cortex have little effect on simple sound intensity and frequency-based behaviors. In the rat, for example, early experiments have shown that auditory ablations result in virtually no effect on the rat's ability to either detect tones or discriminate frequencies. Such lesion experiments, however, typ...

Cholinergic inputs to the auditory cortex from the basal forebrain (BF) are important to auditory processing and plasticity, but little is known about the organization of these synapses onto different auditory cortical neuron types, how they influence auditory responsiveness, and their activity patterns during various behaviors. Using intersectional tracing, optogenetic circuit mapping, and in ...

PURPOSE The objective of this research was to assess the auditory abilities of Portuguese children and compare such abilities to the score of the Scale of Auditory Behaviors (SAB). METHODS Fifty-one children were evaluated with audiometry, speech audiometry, acoustic immittance measures, and eight behavioral tests involving dichotic listening, monotic listening, temporal processing, and sound...