Abstract In order to study energy consumption in Iran's agricultural sector, a Genetic algorithm concept was used to calculate significant factors affecting energy consumption between 1974 and 2008. Then, durability or "stability" of variables was assessed through econometric method (Augmented Dickey-Fuller test). In addition, long-term and short-term relationships of energy consumption were es...

Results: Empirical analysis uses a dataset of nominal interest rates, money growth, income growth, changes in nominal exchange rate, and budget deficit. From the methodological point of view the paper involves vector autoregression model and Wald tests of Granger causality, followed by impulse response analysis while stationarity and the order of integration of the selected variables are confir...

This introduction to the CADFtest package is a (slightly) modified version of Lupi (2009), published in the Journal of Statistical Software. CADFtest is an R package for testing for the presence of a unit root in a time series using the Covariate Augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF) test proposed in Hansen (1995b). The procedures presented here are user friendly, allow fully automatic model specifica...

sts15 Tests for stationarity of a time series Christopher F. Baum, Boston College, [email protected] Abstract: Implements the Elliott–Rothenberg–Stock (1996) DF-GLS test and the Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin (1992) KPSS tests for stationarity of a time series. The DF-GLS test is an improved version of the augmented Dickey–Fuller test. The KPSS test has a null hypothesis of stationarity and may be...

In this paper, we consider a sieve bootstrap for the test of a unit root in models driven by general linear processes. The given model is ...rst approximated by a ...nite autoregressive integrated process of order increasing with the sample size, and then the method of bootstrap is applied for the approximated autoregression to obtain the critical values for the usual unit root tests. The resul...

The Dickey-Fuller unit root test is known to suffer severe oversizing in the presence of innovation variance breaks. In this paper, forward and reverse Dickey-Fuller regressions are proposed as a means of correcting this size distortion. The results of Monte Carlo experimentation show such an approach to result in both satisfactory size properties and increased power relative to previously sugg...

Enders and Granger provide critical values to test the null hypothesis of a unit-root against the alternative of threshold adjustment. However, in obtaining their critical values, Enders and Granger did not use a consistent estimate of the threshold nor did they use a lag-augmented data generating process. This note remedies both of these problems. The power of the test statistics using the con...

It is known that the normal Dickey-Fuller critical values for unit root tests are distort when conditional heteroskedasticity in the errors is present (Hamori and Tokihisa (1997)). In this paper we will be introducing robust critical values for unit root tests under the presence of conditional heteroskedasticity using wild bootstrapping methodology suggested by Wu (1986). Monte Carlo simulation...