A physically-based system of interacting polyhedral objects is used to model physical and chemical processes characteristic of living organisms. These processes include auto-catalysis, cross-catalysis and the self-assembly and spontaneous organization of complex, dynamic structures constituting virtual organisms. The polyhedra in the simulation are surfaced with bonding sites in states akin to ...

A catalytic enantioselective vinylogous domino reaction has been achieved from ketone-derived benzylidene Meldrum's acid and ?-ketolactones to provide spirolactone dihydropyranones with more than 99% ee. An Auto Tandem Catalysis (ATC) process resulting dual complementary role of (DHQ)2PHAL organocatalyst resulted in a sequence involving an asymmetric formal (4+2) cycloaddition the subsequent ki...

Glossary Chiral, achiral and racemic A molecule is chiral if its three-dimensional structure is different from its mirror image. Such molecules tend to be optically active and turn the polarization plane of linearly polarized light in the right-or left-handed sense. Correspondingly , they are referred to as D-and L-forms, which stand for dextrorotatory and levorotatory molecules. An achiral mol...

group viii b metal oxides supported on gamma-alumina were investigated as catalysts and promoters of moo3 hydrodesulfurization catalysis. superior promotion was observed in pbo promoted catalyst compared to that of coo, the typically accepted promoter. other metal oxides, sno and ho2o3 exhibited reasonable hydrodesulfurization catalysis promotion but lower than for coo promoted catalyst.

mahmoud zarei was born in hamedan, iran in1986. he received his b.sc. in pure chemistry (2010) from islamic azad university arak and m.sc. in organic chemistry (2013) at bu-ali sina university, iran. he is currently working towards his ph.d. under the supervision of professor mohammad ali zolfigol. his research interest is catalysis, including the application of homogeneous and heterogeneous ca...

Ehsan Noroozizadeh was born in Dezful/Khoozestan, Iran. He received his B.S. in Pure Chemistry (2011) and M.S. in Organic Chemistry (2013) from Bu-Ali Sina University, Iran. He is currently working towards his Ph.D. under the supervision of Professor Mohammad Ali Zolfigol. His research interest is catalysis, including the application of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis in organic synthesis.

PURPOSE To examine the association of personal values, the built environment, and auto availability with walking for transportation. SETTING Participants were drawn from 11 U.S. metropolitan areas with good transit services. SUBJECTS 865 adults who had recently made or were contemplating making a residential move. MEASURES Respondents reported if walking was their primary mode for nine tr...