life-long red blood transfusion remains the main treatment for severe thalassemia. the development of hemolytic alloantibodies and erythrocyte autoantibodies complicated transfusion therapy in thalassemia patients. the frequency causes and prevention of this phenomenon among 80 transfused thalassemia patients were evaluated in ali asghar children's hospital during 1998-2004 in a cross-sectional...

This paper presents the mathematical basis of the immunocomputing using feature extraction and pattern recognition. The key notions of the approach are the formal immune network (FIN) and the coding theory for machine learning. The training of FIN includes apoptosis (programmed cell death) and autoimmunization both controlled by cytokines (messenger proteins), whereas parameters of FIN can be o...

Serum or urine from normal adult Lewis rats can be shown to contain detectable amounts of idiotypic, antigen-binding receptors with specificity for the major histocompatibility complex locus antigens of the rat, the Ag-B locus antigens. Such purified naturally occurring receptor molecules, be they of T- or B-lymphocyte origin, can be used in a polymerized form to provoke the production of auto-...

The relationship between expression of xenotropic virus and the development of autoimmunization was studied in the progeny of crosses between New Zealand Black (NZB) and SWR mice. The (F1 X SWR) and F2 progeny segregated into three phenotypes: high-virus, low-virus, and virus-negative; F1 and (F1 X NZB) progeny were always high-virus. Autoantibodies, immune deposit nephritis and lymphomas devel...

A patient presented with a primary melanoma, Level IV, 2.5 mm thick; 30 excised lymph nodes were all negative for tumor. Four local recurrences followed in the ensuing 17 months. Tumor cells cultured at this time were epithelioid. Autoimmunization was followed by a disease-free interval of 15 months. Postimmunization, the patient's lymphocytes destroyed his melanoma cells in culture and were st...