A systematic way is presented for the construction of multi-step iterative method with frozen Jacobian. The inclusion of an auxiliary function is discussed. The presented analysis shows that how to incorporate auxiliary function in a way that we can keep the order of convergence and computational cost of Newton multi-step method. The auxiliary function provides us the way to overcome the singul...

The English so-inversion construction places the expression so in the pre-auxiliary position followed by the subject. In the traditional analysis, the auxiliary preceding the subject has been taken to undergo the I-to-C movement. However, complication arises with the possibility of having a cluster of auxiliary verbs in the C position or leaving a VP (or remnants) after the subject. In this pap...

Many current generativist theorists suggest that young children possess the grammatical principles of inversion required for question formation but make errors because they find it difficult to learn language-specific rules about how inversion applies. The present study analyzed longitudinal spontaneous sampled data from twelve 2-3-year-old English speaking children and the intensive diary data...

In recent years, neural network based acoustic-to-articulatory inversion approaches have achieved the state-of-the-art performance. One major issue associated with these approaches is the lack of phone sequence information during inversion. In order to address this issue, this paper proposes an improved architecture hierarchically concatenating phone classification and articulatory inversion co...

relation to children's acquisition of word order in wh-questions in English and Norwegian. While generative models assert that children set major word order parameters and thus acquire a rule of subject-auxiliary inversion or generalized verb second (V2) at an early stage, some constructivist work argues that English-speaking children are simply reproducing frequent wh-word + auxiliary combinat...

[1] Geostatistical inverse modeling has been shown to be a viable alternative to synthesis Bayesian methods for estimating global continental-scale CO2 fluxes. This study extends the geostatistical approach to take advantage of spatially and temporally varying auxiliary data sets related to CO2 flux processes, which allow the inversion to capture more grid-scale flux variability and better cons...

This paper addresses two central issues related to the problem of auxiliary inversion in English wh-questions: 1) there are multiple proposals of the source of the error but none can explain the data in full; 2) the data on children’s wh-questions are inconsistent, due to differences in methods and techniques. We propose that language-specific structural characteristics of the target grammar (e...

magnetotelluric (mt) method is an electromagnetic method which provides information about subsurface conductivity structures using earth's natural electromagnetic fields. static shift is one of disorders arising from shallow conductors; therefore static shift must be corrected as one of mt data processing steps. in the absence of sufficient information about the near surface distortions, w...

The study of modal auxiliary verbs has been done by comparing modal auxiliary verbs in English with the ones in Chinese qualitatively and quantitatively. The modals in English and in Chinese are statistically analyzed through their forms and meanings. The data consists of 50 pieces of Chinese prose with their 50 English translation versions called corpus A and 50 pieces of English prose with th...

Recent challenges to Chomsky’s poverty of the stimulus thesis for language acquisition suggest that children’s primary data may carry ‘indirect evidence’ about linguistic constructions despite containing no instances of them. Indirect evidence is claimed to suffice for grammar acquisition, without need for innate knowledge or specialized learning mechanisms. We report experiments based on those...