For the first few days after heavy rain or irrigations, water drains from the soil profile until its water content approaches a relatively stable value called the drained upper limit or field capacity. When plants have extracted all of the water available to them, the root zone water content approaches a lower limit of available water, or permanent wilting water content. The water held by the s...

biological soil crusts (bscs) result from an intimate association between soil particles and cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, lichens and mosses in different proportions which live on the surface, or immediately in the uppermost millimeters of soil. therefore bscs cover the ground surface as a coherent layer, and influence primary processes such as carbon and nitrogen fixation and hydrologic status...

long-term application of fertilizers containing p, especially organic fertilizers, usually increases the water soluble and available p of soil and at the same time may result in p accumulation in soil. organic fertilizers may also increase movement of p in the soil profile that could result in surface and ground water pollution. an experiment was conducted on field plots that received three app...

to evaluate the effects of methanol and drought stress on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll and relative water content in sugar beet, a study was conducted in 2008 in maahdasht (karaj, iran). aqueous solutions of 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, 28, 35% (v/v) methanol with each solution containing 0.2% glycine and a second factor, namely drought stress (irrigation after 70% depletion of a...

abstract saturated water content is one of the important parameters which its measurement is necessary in estimation of soil water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves. in several researches, saturated water content is assumed to be equal to soil total porosity. in some others, its value is estimated by pedotransfer functions using readily available parameters, such as bulk d...

in order to study the effects of water deficit stress and foliar application of chitosan in safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.), a pot experiment was conducted in 2009. experimental design was a randomized complete block in factorial arrangement with three replications. experimental factors were water deficit levels (unstressed (control) and 70% available water depletion from soil (water defici...