Mangroves are species of halophytic intertidal trees and shrubs derived from tropical genera and are likely delimited in latitudinal range by varying sensitivity to cold. There is now sufficient evidence that mangrove species have proliferated at or near their poleward limits on at least five continents over the past half century, at the expense of salt marsh. Avicennia is the most cold-toleran...

Inoculation of azotobacter has significant positive effects on the growth characteristics and pigments in mangrove seedlings of Avicennia marina and Ceriops decandra. The bacterial inoculation significantly increased the root dry biomass at the maximum of 75.8% at 30 gl(-1) salinity in Ceriops decandra. But in Avicennia marina, the shoot dry biomass was increased significantly at the maximum of...

Three new naphthoquinones and their analogues, named avicequinone-A (1), -B (2), -C (3), and avicenol-A (4), -B (5), -C (6), respectively, were isolated from the stem bark of Avicennia alba (Avicenniaceae) collected in Singapore, and their structures were elucidated by means of spectral methods. Gillan and co-workers have proposed that the structures of the new phytoalexins isolated from Avicen...

Three new iridoid glucosides, 10-O-[(E)-cinnamoyl]-geniposidic acid, 10-O-[(E)-p-coumaroyl]-geniposidic acid, 10-O-[(E)-caffeoyl]-geniposidic acid and the known iridoid glucoside, 2'-O-[(E)-cinnamoyl]-mussaenosidic acid have been isolated from Avicennia marina. The structures were determined primarily by NMR spectroscopy. The assignment of NMR signals was performed by means of 1H-1H COSY, HMQC ...

Avicennia and Rhizophora are globally occurring mangrove genera with different traits that place them in different parts of the intertidal zone. It is generally accepted that the oxidizing capacity of Avicennia roots is larger than that of Rhizophora roots, which initiates more reduced conditions in the soil below the latter genus. We hypothesize that the more reduced conditions beneath Rhizoph...

The plant DNA barcoding is a complex and requires more than one marker(s) as compared to animal barcoding. Mangroves are diverse estuarine ecosystem prevalent in the tropical and subtropical zone, but anthropogenic activity turned them into the vulnerable ecosystem. There is a need to build a molecular reference library of mangrove plant species based on molecular barcode marker along with morp...

Host specialization in highly diverse tropical forests may be limited by the low local abundance of suitable hosts. To address whether or not fungi in a low-diversity tropical forest were released from this restriction, fruiting bodies of polypore basidiomycete fungi were collected from three species of mangroves (Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa, and Rhizophora mangle) in a Caribbean...

The effects of copper toxicity on the photosynthetic activities of Avicennia germinans was investigated using two CuSO4 concentrations (0.062 and 0.33 M) added in Hoagland's solution in an aerated hydroponic system. Photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured after 30 h of copper stress. Results obtained in this study show that increasing levels of Cu(+2) of 0.062 and 0.33 M Cu(+2...

Nitrate reduction is considered to be a minor microbial pathway in the oxidation of mangrove-derived organic matter due to a limited supply of nitrate in mangrove soils. At a limited availability of this electron acceptor compared to the supply of degradable carbon, nitrate ammonification is thought to be the preferential pathway of nitrate reduction. Mangrove forest mutually differ in their pr...

In the present study, aqueous and solvent extracts of leaves collected from nine mangrove plants were screened against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) strains. Out of nine mangrove plants Avicennia sp., Rhizophora sp., Ceriops decandra and Thillai species showed antimicrobial activi...