escherichia coli is being one of the common microbial flora of gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts of poultry but may become pathogenic to both. antibiotic treatment is considered the most important issue that promotes the emergence, selection and deploying of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in veterinary medicine. with the increase of resistant to antibiotics, many researchers have tri...

Heat stress is one of the main problems in modern aviculture, since it affects birds especially in the final phase of rearing, causing bird mortality and economic losses to the aviculturist. The quail, as most birds, has difficulties in dissipating heat. However, little is known about the mechanism that controls the responses of the organism to stressor agents. Therefore, the study of heat shoc...

In the aviculture industry, the use of Lactobacillus spp. as a probiotic has been shown to be frequent and satisfactory, both in improving bird production indexes and in protecting intestine against colonization by pathogenic bacteria. Adhesion is an important characteristic in selecting Lactobacillus probiotic strains since it impedes its immediate elimination to enable its beneficial action i...