Reputation mechanisms help peers in a peer-to-peer system avoid unreliable or malicious peers. In application-level networks, however, short peer lifetimes mean reputations are often generated from a small number of past transactions. These reputation values are less ‘reliable’, and more vulnerable to bad-mouthing or collusion attacks. We address this issue by introducing proactive reputations,...

We propose and analyze a class of integrated social and quality of service (QoS) trustbased routing protocols in mobile ad-hoc delay tolerant networks. The underlying idea is to incorporate trust evaluation in the routing protocol, considering not only QoS trust properties but also social trust properties to evaluate other nodes encountered. We prove that our protocol is resilient against bad-m...

The effects of increased response effort on levels of hand mouthing, leisure engagement, and adaptive elbow flexion were investigated with 2 individuals who had been diagnosed with profound disabilities. Arm restraints designed to alter the amount of physical effort necessary to engage in hand mouthing were used. Results indicated that the treatment strategy reduced levels of hand mouthing but ...

Security has become the corner stone of research in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Due to the unique operational environment of WSNs, where the communication medium is open to eavesdroppers, the threats manifest in new forms necessitating the safeguarding of communication. Consequently, key management protocols have become paramount in mitigating the damage caused. Numerous group-key protocol...

UNLABELLED We evaluated the effects of a response-effort intervention on the occurrence of self-injurious hand mouthing and a competing response (object manipulation) with 4 individuals who had profound developmental disabilities. During Phase 1, results of functional analyses showed that all participants engaged in high levels of hand mouthing in the absence of social contingencies, suggesting...

Although vocalization and mouthing are behaviors frequently performed by infants, little is known about the characteristics of vocalizations that occur with objects, hands, or fingers in infants' mouths. The purpose of this research was to investigate characteristics of vocalizations associated with mouthing in 6- to 9-month-old infants during play with a primary caregiver. Results suggest that...

We propose and analyze a class of integrated social and quality of service (QoS) trust-based routing protocols in mobile ad-hoc delay tolerant networks. The underlying idea is to incorporate trust evaluation in the routing protocol, considering not only QoS trust properties but also social trust properties to evaluate other nodes encountered. We prove that our protocol is resilient against bad-...

In contrast to the single-articulatory system of spoken languages, sign languages employ multiple articulators, including the hands and the mouth. We asked whether manual components and mouthing patterns of lexical signs share a semantic representation, and whether their relationship is affected by the differing language experience of deaf and hearing native signers. We used picture-naming task...

Location Based Social Networks (LBSNs) are new Web 2.0 systems that are attracting new users in exponential rates. LBSNs like Foursquare and Yelp allow users to share their geographic location with friends through smartphones equipped with GPS, search for interesting places as well as posting tips about existing locations. By allowing users to comment on locations, LBSNs increasingly have to de...